Wave types
Name the two wave types
Constructive and destructive
Define erosion
Erosion is the wearing away of rock along the coastline
What is the key term: Trapped air forced into holes and cracks in the rock by the water eventually causes the rock to break apart
Hydraulic action
What causes a sand dune to start developing?
Litter, rock, branch interrupts sand movement so it begins to build around it
What does it turn into when the softrock is eroded on a discordant coastline?
Bay
the distance over which the wind has blown the water is known as...
Fetch
Name the 3 types of weathering
Mechanical, biological and chemical
What is both the erosion and transportation process called when the rocks have chemically reacted with the water to dissolve
Solution
How does a headland go form an arch to stack?
The roof of the arch becomes unsupported and collapses leaving a retreated headland and stack of rock
Name in order the erosion that takes place on a headland which causes it to erode inland
Crack, cave, arch, stack, stump
Which type of wave has a stronger backwash
Destructive
Draw and label a discordant coastline
Mixture of hard and soft rock
Define or draw attrition
Rock fragments carried by the sea knock against one another causing them to become smaller and more rounded
Draw and label a tombolo
An island is connected to the mainland by a spit
After a spit has formed what is the area behind it called?
Marsh
Explain longshore drift (can draw and label)
The wind pushes the swash onto the beach in the direction of the wind, the backwash comes straight back into the sea due to gravity. the wave carries the sand up the beach
When material is dropped by the sea what is is called
Deposition
What is the transportation process called when rocks bounce along the bottom of the seabed?
Saltation
Describe why different coastline have different landforms
Concordant - erodes at the same rate because it is one type of rock
Discordant - erodes at different rates because it is a mixture of rock types (hard/soft)
When forming a wave cut platform the sea erodes into the base of the cliff this creates a hole/cave, what is this called?
Wave cut notch
Explain why a beach forms in a bay
Due to the bay being sheltered from the headlands the waves do not have any energy to carry the sand so it is deposited
Explain one type of biological weathering
Animals burrowing
Tree roots
Describe what factor affects the rate of both transportation and erosion?
Water energy affected by the winds speed, fetch and strength
After erosion occurs rocks can become unsupported and fall down, what is this collection of rocks called?
Scree
What are the 2 types of erosion that forms the erosional landforms
Hydraulic action and abrasion