The Salmon Species
The main fish species that is the focus of most of the aquaculture in Iceland.
What is Atlantic Salmon
The dominant production system for raising salmon, which has lower operating costs but is placed in the open marine environment.
What is Sea Pens.
The abbreviation for the land-based system, Recirculating Aquaculture Systems.
What is RAS.
The material that the Fish In: Fish Out (FI:FO) ratio compares to the output of farmed fish.
What is wild fish inputs.
This is the most direct and debated carbon input.
The cold-water species, Salvelinus alpinus.
What is Arctic Charr
A more commonly known name for the parasite, Lepeophtheirus salmonis.
What is Sea Lice (or Salmon Lice).
Another environmental factor (e.g., current, waves) that can have effect on how pellets are spread on the sea surface.
What is Wind.
This type of yield can be increased by making full use of all parts of the farmed salmon.
What is human edible yield.
What is produced by fish that represents a carbon output?
What is CO2.
The wild fish, Salmo trutta, that often lives near salmon farms and is vulnerable to infection from farm parasites.
What is Sea Trout (or Brown Trout)
This condition is recorded when the dissolved oxygen in the water within a sea cage drops to levels that limit fish growth.
What is Hypoxia.
The device that spreads pellets in commercial-scale sea cage aquaculture.
What is the Pneumatic Rotary Feed Spreader.
The food products, like fish oil and protein, that are recovered from the parts of the fish that are usually thrown away.
What are fish by-products.
To become carbon balanced, reducing outputs and fully utilizing the carbon found in this other part of the process?
What is by-products.
Name one of the five nations (besides Iceland) whose aquaculture challenges were examined, focusing mainly on salmon-producing countries.
What is Canada, Faroe Islands, Norway, or Sweden.
The phrase used to describe the difficulty in controlling increasingly drug-resistant salmon lice in the North Atlantic.
What is called "Losing the Arms Race".
A type of unmanned vehicle that was used to map and measure the spread of feed pellets from the spreader.
What is a Drone (or UAV)
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) are recovered from this fish by-product.
What is fish oil.
This method of transporting fresh fish products from Iceland to foreign markets, is highly intensive in CO2 emissions and is considered a Carbon Output.
What is Air Transportation.
The specific disease that an Atlantic salmon model helped to detect early in an experiment when fish began to show a reduced growth rate.
What is Pancreas Disease (PD).
The three main issues of Disease, Parasites, and what, that have proven challenging for the sea cage system, often due to its open-water placement.
What is Fish Escape.
The two main factors, along with lower investment, that favor the use of sea cages over land-based systems.
What is Running Costs.
The benefit (along with economic and food security) that is improved when an aquaculture industry efficiently uses all of its fish by-products.
What is Environmental Sustainability.
Two parts of the fish's metabolic model (besides respiration) that must be optimized through feeding behavior to ensure efficient use of carbon inputs and minimize waste.
What are growth and feed intake.