Water Planet
Properties of Water
Cycles
Freshwater & Coastal Ecosystems
Tides & Currents
Coral & Kelp
100
What is an estuary?
Location where fresh water meets the ocean
100
What is the difference in density for freshwater vs. saltwater
Freshwater is less dense than saltwater
100
What process in the water cycle that removes water directly from plants?
Transpiration
100
This type of river is a permanent river with a consistent flow year-round.
Perennial
100
Identify the type of tide pictured below.
Spring Tide
100
Which of the following serves as the main source of nutrition for corals, and is also responsible for the coral's vibrant color?
Zooxanthellae
200
What is an example of an abiotic factor in a river?
Current, depth, temperature, sunlight, dissolved oxygen...
200
Explain polarity of a water molecule.
Oxygen end provides partial negative charge and hydrogen ends provide partial positive charges
200
What role does photosynthesis play in the carbon cycle?
Photosynthesis takes in atmospheric CO2 and converts it to oxygen
200
The warm layer of surface water in a lake is called..
Epilimnion
200
A current that runs parallel to the shoreline and is caused by waves approaching the shore at an angle is called a(n)...
Longshore Current
200
How does coral bleaching occur?
Zooxanthellae become stressed due to external factors, die, and are expelled.
300
What are the 5 major oceans?
Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern (Antarctic)
300
Which substance in the image below likely contains the highest salinity?
Green Solution
300
What are two ways that inorganic carbon is released into the atmosphere?
Animal respiration and burning fossil fuels
300
Describe conditions of the intertidal zone.
Coastal ecosystem that is either completely covered with water (high tide) or partially covered (low tide)
300
This type of current occurs when longshore currents flow toward each other, meet, and then flow out to sea.
Rip Current
300
Stony corals contain a ________ exoskeleton, while soft corals contain _________ for flexibility and support.
Calcium Carbonate and Gorgonin
400
What is an example of a biotic factor in the ocean?
phytoplankton, crab, jelly fish, shark, flounder, tuna...
400
What property of water made our white roses change color in our white rose lab demo?
Capillary Action
400
What is Eutrophication?
Production of a harmful algal bloom as a result of agricultural runoff
400
What are three stressors that organisms living in the intertidal zone must overcome?
Desiccation (drying out), temperature variations, salinity variations, oxygen exposure/availability, turbulence
400
An organism that is able to survive long periods of air exposure and direct sunlight will most likely live in which part of the intertidal zone?
Splash/Spray Zone
400
Fringing Reef that formed as a result of an island sinking below the water's surface.
Atoll
500
What type of water is found in an estuary?
Brackish - mixture of salt and fresh water
500
If you were to attempt a chromatography experiment using a permanent marker, what type of solvent would you need?
Non-polar; acetone or alcohol
500
What is the difference between hypoxia and anoxia?
Hypoxia - low oxygen
Anoxia - complete oxygen depletion
500
DOUBLE POINTS!!! Explain how a halocline (salinity), and pycnoline (density) are related in a coastal ecosystem.
As a halocline increases, pycnocline increases.
500
As waves slow down and approach shallow water, what happens to wave height?
It increases
500
Explain the functions of the holdfast and blades of sea kelp. Be specific.
Holdfast anchors the kelp to the sea floor, and blades contain pneumatocysts (gas bubbles) to keep afloat and create canopies at the water's surface.