Aqueous Solutions

Definitions

100

A chemical reaction written with a double reaction is called a ______ reaction 

Reversible

200

Ions present at both the beginning and end of the reaction

Spectator ions 

300

Insoluble solid: a solid that forms and separates from a solution during a chemical reaction

Precipitate 

400

A chemical that ionizes in water to produce a (solvated) OH- ion

Base

500

The maximum amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solvent (at a specific temperature).

Solubility 

Solubility

100

Given the rule that all Group 1 elements are soluble, and the rule that all G7 elements are soluble (except with Ag). Would NaCl be aqueous or a solid when added to water? If solid, what is it called?

Aqueous 

200

Given the rule that all G7 elements are soluble (except with Ag), would AgCl be aqueous or a solid? If solid, what is it called?

Solid, precipitate. 

300

We say if something dissolves totally we say it is ______, if it dissolves a little it is _________, and if none dissolved, ______. 

Soluble, sparingly soluble, insoluble

400

What does the phrase "like dissolves like" mean? 

Things are soluble when they have similar intermolecular forces. If they are different, then they won't dissolve!

Writing Molecular equations

300

When a solution of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) is mixed with a solution of sodium chloride (NaCl), a white precipitate of silver chloride (AgCl) forms. Write a balanced molecular equation. 

AgNO3(aq)+NaCl(aq)→AgCl(s)+NaNO3(aq)

400

When a solution of potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) is mixed with a solution of calcium chloride (CaCl₂), a white precipitate of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) forms. Write a balanced molecular equation. 

K2CO3(aq)+CaCl2(aq)→CaCO3(s)+2KCl(aq)

Writing Ionic equations

300

When a solution of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is mixed with a solution of calcium chloride (CaCl2), a white precipitate of calcium carbonate is observed. Write an ionic equation for this process.

2Na+(aq)+CO32−(aq)+Ca2+(aq)+2Cl−(aq)→ CaCO3(s)+2Na+(aq)+2Cl−(aq)

400

When a solution of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) is mixed with a solution of barium nitrate (Ba(NO3)2), a white precipitate of barium sulfate is observed. Write an ionic equation for this process. 

2Na+(aq)+SO42−(aq)+Ba2+(aq)+2NO3−(aq)→ BaSO4(s)+2Na+(aq)+2NO3−(aq)

Writing Net Ionic equations

300

When a solution of ammonium chloride is mixed with a solution of silver nitrate, a white precipitate of silver chloride is observed. Write the net ionic equation for this process. The molec. is NH4Cl(aq)+AgNO3(aq)→AgCl(s)+NH4NO3(aq)

Ag+(aq)+Cl−(aq)→AgCl(s)

400

When a solution of sodium phosphate is mixed with a solution of calcium nitrate, a white precipitate of calcium phosphate is observed. Write the net ionic equation for this process. The molec. is 2Na3PO4(aq)+3Ca(NO3)2(aq)→Ca3PO4(s)+6NaNO3(aq)

3Ca2+(aq)+2PO43−(aq)    →   Ca3PO4(s)