EnterMaʿrifah & Nakirah (المعرفة والنكرة)
Is كِتَابٌ maʿrifah (مَعْرِفَة) or nakirah (نَكِرَة)?
Nakirah (نَكِرَة), because it does not begin with ال.
Is النَّجْمُ shamsiyyah or qamariyyah? What happens to the ل in ال?
Shamsiyyah (شمسية). The ل is written but not pronounced.
Find the harf al-jarr (حرف الجر) and the noun after it: ذَهَبَ عَلِيٌّ إِلَى الْمَدْرَسَةِ.
Harf al-jarr: إِلَى. Noun: الْمَدْرَسَةِ.
In كِتَابُ الطَّالِبِ, which word is the muḍāf and which is the muḍāf ilayh?
كِتَابُ = muḍāf. الطَّالِبِ = muḍāf ilayh.
In الْمُعَلِّمُ فِي الْفَصْلِ, identify the harf al-jarr and the ism majrūr.
Harf al-jarr: فِي. Ism majrūr: الْفَصْلِ.
Your teacher says both الْكِتَابُ and كِتَابٌ are ism (اسم). Explain the difference between them using the terms معرفة and نكرة.
الْكِتَابُ is maʿrifah (definite), meaning “the book.” كِتَابٌ is nakirah (indefinite), meaning “a book.”
Classify these words: الْقَمَرُ، الشَّجَرَةُ، الْبَيْتُ، الطَّالِبُ.
Qamariyyah: الْقَمَرُ، الْبَيْتُ. Shamsiyyah: الشَّجَرَةُ، الطَّالِبُ.
Which noun is majrūr (مجرور), and what made it majrūr? جَلَسَ الْوَلَدُ عَلَى الْكُرْسِيِّ.
الْكُرْسِيِّ is majrūr because it follows عَلَى.
Why does الطَّالِبِ have kasrah in بَيْتُ الطَّالِبِ?
Because الطَّالِبِ is the muḍāf ilayh, which is majrūr.
Which is the muḍāf ilayh in مِفْتَاحُ الْبَيْتِ, and what is its grammatical state?
الْبَيْتِ is the muḍāf ilayh and is majrūr.
Find all the maʿrifah and nakirah nouns: رَأَيْتُ طَالِبًا مَعَ الْمُعَلِّمِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ.
Nakirah: طَالِبًا. Maʿrifah: الْمُعَلِّمِ and الْمَسْجِدِ.
A student pronounces الْشَّمْسُ. What is the mistake?
The ل is not pronounced in a shamsiyyah word. The ش is pronounced with a doubled sound.
Find both ḥurūf al-jarr and their nouns: الْقَلَمُ فِي الْحَقِيبَةِ وَالْكِتَابُ عَلَى الْمَكْتَبِ.
فِي → الْحَقِيبَةِ. عَلَى → الْمَكْتَبِ.
Find the two iḍāfah parts in: بَابُ فَصْلِ الْمَدْرَسَةِ.
بَابُ is muḍāf to فَصْلِ. فَصْلِ is muḍāf ilayh for بَابُ and muḍāf to الْمَدْرَسَةِ. الْمَدْرَسَةِ is the final muḍāf ilayh.
Classify the ال words as shamsiyyah or qamariyyah and identify the majrūr noun: ذَهَبَ الْوَلَدُ إِلَى الشَّارِعِ.
الْوَلَدُ is qamariyyah. الشَّارِعِ is shamsiyyah and majrūr after إِلَى.
A student says الْمُعَلِّمُ is nakirah because it ends with one vowel mark. Is the student correct? Explain.
No. الْمُعَلِّمُ is maʿrifah because it begins with ال. It has one ending vowel mark, while a regular indefinite noun often has tanwīn.
Explain why السَّيَّارَةُ is shamsiyyah but الْمَدْرَسَةُ is qamariyyah.
س is a sun letter, so the ل assimilates in السَّيَّارَةُ. م is a moon letter, so the ل is pronounced in الْمَدْرَسَةُ.
Correct the mistake and explain it: ذَهَبْتُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدُ.
ذَهَبْتُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ. الْمَسْجِدِ must be majrūr after إِلَى.
Correct the phrase and explain both mistakes: كِتَابٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ.
كِتَابُ الْمُعَلِّمِ. The muḍāf does not take tanwīn, and the muḍāf ilayh is majrūr.
Find the muḍāf, muḍāf ilayh, and harf al-jarr: فِي مَكْتَبِ الْمُدِيرِ.
فِي = harf al-jarr. مَكْتَبِ = majrūr after فِي and muḍāf. الْمُدِيرِ = muḍāf ilayh.
Analyze the nouns in this sentence and explain which are maʿrifah or nakirah: دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمُعَلِّمِ.
رَجُلٌ is nakirah. بَيْتِ is the muḍāf and is indefinite in this iḍāfah because it is not itself definite. الْمُعَلِّمِ is maʿrifah, so بَيْتِ الْمُعَلِّمِ as a whole means “the teacher's house” and is definite.
A student groups الصَّبْرُ، الْعِلْمُ، الرَّجُلُ، الْقَلَمُ as all shamsiyyah. Correct the list and explain the rule.
Shamsiyyah: الصَّبْرُ، الرَّجُلُ. Qamariyyah: الْعِلْمُ، الْقَلَمُ. The rule depends on the first letter after ال.
Analyze all the nouns after ḥurūf al-jarr and explain their endings: خَرَجَ الطَّالِبُ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ وَذَهَبَ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ.
مِنْ is a harf al-jarr followed by الْبَيْتِ. إِلَى is a harf al-jarr followed by الْمَسْجِدِ. Both nouns are majrūr and end in kasrah.
In فِي بَابِ بَيْتِ الْمُعَلِّمِ, identify the harf al-jarr and each muḍāf and muḍāf ilayh. Explain why بَابِ and بَيْتِ have kasrah.
فِي is the harf al-jarr. بَابِ is majrūr after فِي and muḍāf to بَيْتِ. بَيْتِ is muḍāf ilayh for بَابِ and muḍāf to الْمُعَلِّمِ. الْمُعَلِّمِ is the final muḍāf ilayh. بَابِ has kasrah because it follows فِي, and بَيْتِ has kasrah because it is muḍāf ilayh.
Find and explain the grammar in: جَلَسَ طَالِبٌ فِي فَصْلِ الْمُعَلِّمِ. Identify the nakirah, harf al-jarr, majrūr noun, and iḍāfah.
طَالِبٌ is nakirah and the subject of جَلَسَ. فِي is harf al-jarr. فَصْلِ is majrūr after فِي and is muḍāf. الْمُعَلِّمِ is muḍāf ilayh and majrūr.