Archaeology
This archaeological dating method uses the buildup of radionuclides in organic material to estimate age.
Radiocarbon dating
GIS stands for.
Geographic information system
This layer of Earth lies directly below the crust and makes up most of Earth’s volume.
Mantle
This term describes a boundary that follows physical features such as rivers, mountains, or deserts.
Natural boundary
Rocks made from melted, cooled magma are this type.
Igneous
Dating objects by comparing them to items with known ages is called this.
Relative dating
This three-letter term is used for the smallest spatial unit of raster data.
Pixel
This natural process breaks down rocks into smaller pieces through wind, water, and temperature changes.
Weathering
This empire, known for its sophisticated road network and quipu system, was conquered by Francisco Pizarro in the 16th century.
Inca Empire
This giant crater in Mexico is widely linked to the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs.
Chicxulub crater
The non-portable remains of past cultures.
Features
These data layers represent features like roads and property parcels using nodes, vertices, and edges.
Vector data
This glacial landform marks the furthest advance of a glacier and is composed of unsorted till.
Terminal moraine
This city is the capital of New Zealand.
Wellington
This event wiped out most dinosaurs and many marine species at the end of the Cretaceous.
Mass extinction (KT)
Scientists study these preserved plant remains—like seeds and wood—to learn about ancient environments.
Botanical remains
This coordinate system divides the world into 6-degree longitudinal strips and is widely used for mapping and fieldwork.
UTM
These flat-topped, steep-sided landforms are found in arid regions and are remnants of plateau erosion.
Mesa
This country, which broke apart in the 1990s, was made up of six republics: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, and North Macedonia.
Yugoslavia
This era, known as the “Age of Dinosaurs,” ended about 66 million years ago.
Mesozoic era
This theoretical approach emphasizes scientific inference, hypothesis testing, and objectivity in archaeology—popular in the 1960s–1980s.
Processualism
This Landsat-derived index uses the Near Infrared and Red bands to detect vegetation health.
NDVI
This European mountain range forms a natural border between France and Spain and is famous for its limestone peaks.
Pyrenees
The 38th parallel serves as the political boundary dividing these two countries.
North and South Korea
Scientists studying ancient diets often look at this stable carbon isotope, which differs between C3 and C4 plants.
Delta carbon 13