On which river did ancient Egyptian civilization develop?
The Nile
100
What is a separate and independent political entity that is organized around an urban center and controls some surrounding territory?
A polis
100
After which mythical figure was Rome named?
Romulus
100
The Middle Ages occurred between which two periods?
Antiquity (Classical Greece and Rome) and the Modern Era (that begin with the Renaissance)
100
What does the word "renaissance" mean?
Rebirth
200
Unable to settle, what type of person travels from place to place in search of food, warmth and shelter?
Nomad
200
Which wars pitted Athens against Sparta?
The Peloponnesian Wars
200
Who ruled as "princeps" over a stable and peaceful period known as "Pax Romana?"
Augustus Caesar
200
The behavior of knights was governed by a code of honor called __________.
Chivalry
200
Whose 95 Theses ignited the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
300
What land "between two Rivers" mastered irrigation techniques and gave rise to Sumerian and Babylonian civilizations?
Mesopotamia
300
Who were considered to be the first Greeks, a group who occupied Crete and built an elaborate palace at Knossos?
The Minoans
300
Who made one final attempt to revive and re-unify the Roman Empire from his position of leadership in Constantinople?
Justinian
300
What was the system of mutual obligations between lords, vassals and serfs that organized medieval life in Northwest Europe?
Feudalism
300
Who painted the Mona Lisa?
Leonardo Da Vinci
400
How did Hammurabi's code prevent him and other rulers from ruling through "fear and caprice?"
It made law predictable, unchanging (written in stone) and applicable to all (including the rulers)
400
Which Greek philosopher wrote a series of dialogues to preserve his mentor's teachings? He valued social harmony over individual liberty.
Plato
400
Rome was never a democracy. Even as a republic, it was ruled by a handful of wealthy individuals. What vocabulary word is used for this type of leadership?
Oligarchy
400
What was the church's initial explanation for the Black Death?
It was God's punishment for people's sins
400
How was the Italian peninsula organized politically during the Renaissance?
Individual and separate city-states that were governed differently (duchies, republics, kingdoms)
500
What does the world "pharaoh" actually mean?
Great household
500
Who became elected strategos after championing the cause of the lower classes and eventually ushered Athens into a Golden Age?
Pericles
500
Which group was responsible for toppling the Byzantine Empire, effectively ending Constantinople's link to the west and its Roman foundations?
The Ottoman Turks
500
Who is considered to be the first humanist, marking an end of the Middle Ages with his rediscovery of Cicero's letters and his own original creations of lyrical poetry?
Petrarch
500
Name three countries that remained Catholic after the Protestant Reformation