ARDS
Observations
Therapy
ARDS
Ventilator
100
Who is at high risk for getting ARDS
Vented patients.
100
Hypo- or Hypertension: What type of blood pressure would you expect to see on a patient with ARDS?
Hypotension is most likely seen with ARDS
100
Supportive therapy for ARDS.
What is O2, ventilation, cardiac output support (need only one)
100
Confusion, somnulence, irritability, and headache.
What is signs of decreased brain oxygen perfusion?
100
What vent setting would be ideal to increase to help increase oxygenation?
PEEP!
200
Patients with this predisposing condition are most likely to develop ARDS
Sepsis
200
Why is cyanosis an abnormal, but expected, symptom of ARDS.
Decreased tissue perfusion (blue skin, lips, & nails caused by lack of oxygen to the tissues).
200
The amount of days after onset in which steroids would be of benefit
What is 7-14 days
200
What happens in ARDS
ARDS occurs when fluid builds up in the tiny, elastic air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs. This fluid prevents enough oxygen from passing into the bloodstream. More fluid in your lungs means less oxygen can reach your bloodstream. This deprives your organs of the oxygen they need to function. The fluid buildup also makes the lungs heavy & stiff, which decreases the lungs' ability to expand. The level of oxygen in the blood can stay dangerously low, even if the person receives oxygen from a ventilator.
200
The acid-base disturbance witness with low volume ventilation
What is respiratory acidosis?
300
Aspiration, inhaling chemicals, lung transplant, Pneumonia, septic shock, trauma.
Common causes of ARDS- ARDS can be caused by any major direct or indirect injury to the lung.
300
Upon auscultating the chest of a patient with ARDS with a stethoscope what abnormal breath sounds would you expect to hear?
Crackles- which may be a sign of fluid in the lungs.
300
How do you treat ARDS?
Ultimately, the goal of treatment is to provide breathing support & treat the cause of ARDS. This may involve medicines to treat infections, reduce inflammation, & remove fluid from the lungs. A ventilator is used to deliver high doses of oxygen and positive pressure to the damaged lungs. People often need to be deeply sedated with medicines. During treatment, health care providers make every effort to protect the lungs from further damage. Treatment is mainly supportive until the lungs recover.
300
ARDS does this to a patient’s organs (kidneys, heart, liver, etc.)
Organ failure secondary to ischemia caused by shockor decreased tissue perfusion
300
The one therapeutic manipulation proven effective in improving survival in ARDS
What is low tidal volume mechanical ventilation?
400
What do you think the quality of life of a patient that survived ARDS is?
About 1/3 of people with ARDS die of the disease. Those who live often get back most of their normal lung function, but many people have permanent lung damage. Many people who survive ARDS have memory loss or other quality-of-life problems after they recover. This is due to brain damage that occurred when the lungs were not working properly & the brain was not getting enough oxygen.
400
When suctioning a patient on the ventilator, kind of sputum is indicative of ARDS
What is white frothy sputum
400
Complications from ARDS or its treatment
Multiple organ system failure, lung damage (pneumothorax due to injury from the breathing machine needed to treat the disease), blood clots, pulmonary fibrosis (scarring of the lung), ventilator-associated pneumonia
400
The leading cause of acute respiratory failure in the United States
ARDS
400
A life-threatening lung condition that prevents enough oxygen from getting to the lungs and into the blood.
ARDS
500
Tests used to diagnose ARDS include:
ABG, blood tests (CBC, CMP, etc.), cultures (blood culture, urine culture, sputum culture), Bronchoscopy (Bronchoalveolar Lavage aka BAL), Chest X-Ray (on a chest x-ray heart failure can look similar to ARDS so an EKG may be needed to rule out heart failure).
500
Based on the diagnostic criteria for diagnosing ARDS, this is one difference seen with a PE
What is lack of bilateral infiltrates?
500
Symptoms of ARDS usually develop within how many hours of the injury or illness.
24 to 48 hour- Symptoms include difficulty breathing, low blood pressure and organ failure, rapid breathing, shortness of breath. Often, people with ARDS are so sick they cannot complain of symptoms.
500
fluid management on a patient with ARDS
Carefully managing the amount of intravenous fluids is crucial. Too much fluid can increase fluid buildup in the lungs. Too little fluid can put a strain on your heart and other organs and lead to shock.
500
ARDS is defined by predetermined physiologic criteria. Sudden onset of this criteria indicate ARDS.
What is PaO2 of 50 mm Hg or less (measured on room air) PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg or more pH of 7.35 or less (need only one)
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