Basics
Oxygenation failure is defined as PaO2 < 60 on FiO2 ≥ 60%.
What is hypoxemic respiratory failure?
Early signs of hypoxemia include dyspnea, tachypnea, and this heart rhythm change.
What is tachycardia?
ARDS is characterized by non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema due to this membrane disruption.
What is the alveolar-capillary membrane?
To evaluate both oxygenation and ventilation, this test is required.
What are arterial blood gases (ABGs)?
A patient after knee surgery develops dyspnea and chest pain, O2 sat 91%. The nurse’s first action is:
What is raise HOB and apply oxygen?
Ventilatory failure is defined as PaCO2 > 45 with acidemia.
What is hypercapnic respiratory failure?
A hallmark late finding on chest X-ray in ARDS.
What is bilateral “white out” infiltrates?
Surfactant inactivation occurs because of this protein leakage.
What is plasma protein leakage?
Low tidal volume ventilation is used to prevent this complication.
What is alveolar overdistention (barotrauma/volutrauma)?
A pneumonia patient becomes confused, tachypneic, and hypoxemic. This is most likely the cause.
What is hypoxemia?
The normal P/F ratio is greater than this value.
What is 400?
Patients often use these to help breathe during ARDS.
What are accessory muscles?
ARDS leads to this type of mismatch in gas exchange.
What is V/Q mismatch (intrapulmonary shunting)?
This therapy redistributes ventilation and reduces compression by the heart.
What is Rotoprone therapy?
A patient with chronic lung disease becomes suddenly agitated and confused. The nurse should do this first.
What is assess vital signs and pulse oximetry?
The Berlin definition of ARDS requires a PaO2/FiO2 ratio below this.
What is <200?
Four cardinal signs of ARDS include progressive hypoxemia, bilateral crackles, white-out on CXR, and this lung finding.
What are stiff/noncompliant lungs?
In phase 3 of ARDS, this fluid builds up in the lungs.
What is pulmonary edema?
ECMO is reserved for this type of ARDS.
What is refractory respiratory failure?
A woman with pneumonia, sat 85%, HR 130, BP 90/44. The first action is:
What is place on 100% non-rebreather?
The hallmark ABG finding in ARDS despite oxygen therapy.
What is refractory hypoxemia?
The triad of agitation, confusion, and hypoxemia usually signals this complication.
What is acute respiratory failure?
Phase 4 ARDS shows this ABG finding in addition to hypoxia.
What is metabolic acidosis?
The most common cause of death in ARDS.
What is MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome), often with sepsis?
The ABG finding indicating acute respiratory failure in a 22-year-old with distress.
What is PaO2 of 45 mmHg?