early history
In the 17th century, English physician William Harvey experimented on ___
Living animals
Animal and __ __ Inspection Service
plant health
an estimated__animals are used every year in scientific research
a 50 million
b 30 million
c 17 million
d 26 million
26 million
The anti-testing movement began in the United States in the mid- __ following a Sports Illustrated story about Pepper, a pet dalmatian that was kidnapped and sold into experimentation
1960s
As more people adopted pets, the ___ _____ movement grew,
anti-vivisection
In the 2nd century, the Roman physician and philosopher Galen dissected living animals to see how ___ ___ worked. His theories of medicine, which were based on his experimentation, were used throughout Europe for 15 centuries.
living orginisams
In 2013, the European Union banned the import and sale of __ products that have been tested on animals. The United States still allows testing on animals for these products.
cosmetic
The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) stopped breeding chimpanzees for research in what year
a 2007
b 2016
c 2013
a 2007
60 percent of people aged __ to __ and 61 percent of people aged 55 and older say it is morally acceptable.
35 to 54
Queen ______ was an early opponent of animal testing in England
Victoria
Descriptions of vivisection, the dissection of live animals, have been found in ancient Greek writings from as early as ___ b.c
500
by zoologist William Russell and microbiologist Rex Burch laid out the principle of the "Three Rs" witch mean what
replacement reduction refinement
In 1975, Australian philosopher Peter Singer published "___ ___," which said that "speciesism" — the assumption that humans are superior to other species — was similar to racism, sexism and other forms of prejudice.
"Animal Liberation,"
aged 18 to __ say that animal testing is morally acceptable,
34
_________ campaign became strong enough to pressure lawmakers into establishing the first laws controlling the use of animals for research:
vivisection
French physiologist Claude Bernard argued that experimenting on animals was ethical, because it benefited what two aspects.
medicine and extended human life.
what rule was passed in 1966
the federal Animal Welfare Act (AWA),
Singer predicted that "one day ... our children's children, reading about what was done in laboratories in the __ century, will feel the same sense of horror and incredulity
a 30th
b 40th
c 20th
20th
A May 2013 Gallup poll found that __ percent of Americans said medical testing on animals was morally acceptable,
56 percent
In 1865, French physiologist named ____
Claude Bernard
his experimentation, were used throughout Europe for _____ ________.
15 centuries
"animal" as "any live or dead dog, cat, ___ , guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or such other warm-blooded animal."
monkey
In __, a People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) activist worked undercover at the Institute for Biological Research in Silver Spring, Maryland. He took photographs of monkeys in the facility, who were kept in such horrendous conditions that they were tearing at their own flesh. The laboratory's director, Edward Taub, was charged with more than a dozen animal cruelty offenses
1981
__ Americans are less likely to accept animal testing
younger
Queen Victoria was an early opponent of animal testing in England. Soon, the anti-vivisection campaign became strong enough to pressure lawmakers into establishing the first laws controlling the use of animals for research: Great Britain's Cruelty to Animals Act of __
a 1876
b 1937
c 1855
1876