Turn On The Lytes
The Major Extracellular Cation
a) Chloride
b) Sodium
c) Magnesium
d) Calcium
b) Sodium
Deficiency of which of the following trace elements can cause a functional deficiency of iron?
a) Copper
b) Chromium
c) Cobalt
d) Zinc
a) Copper
The reference range for the pH of arterial blood at 37*C is:
a) 7.28-7.34
b) 7.33-7.37
c) 7.35-7.45
d) 7.45-7.50
c) 7.35-7.45
Which of these is the formula for anion gap?
a) (Na+ + K+) + (Cl- + HCO3-)
b) (Cl- + HCO3-) - (Na+ + K+)
c) (Na+ - Cl-) - (K+ + HCO3-)
d) (Na+ + K+) – (Cl- + HCO3-)
d) (Na+ + K+) – (Cl- + HCO3-)
What disorder does a microcytic hypochromic anemia that doesn't respond to iron therapy indicate?
a) Selenium toxicity
b) Copper deficiency
c) Chromium deficiency
d) Magnesium toxicity
b) Copper deficiency
A hemolyzed sample will cause falsely increased levels of each of the following analytes except:
a) Sodium
b) Potassium
c) Phosphate
d) Magnesium
a) Sodium
Which is the major transport protein of iron?
a) Ferritin
b) Transferrin
c) Hemosiderin
d) Ceruloplasmin
b) Transferrin
In the circulatory system, bicarbonate leaves the RBC and enters the plasma through an exchange mechanism with _______ to maintain electrostatic neutrality:
a) Carbonic acid
b) Lactate
c) Chloride
d) Sodium
c) Chloride
The electrolyte exclusion effect refers to the exclusion of electrolytes from the fraction of total plasma volume that is occupied by:
a) bicarbonate
b) solids (proteins and lipids)
c) interstitial fluid
d) free water
b) solids (proteins and lipids)
Serum iron is most likely to be decreased in:
a) Hepatitis
b) Polycythemia
c) Hemochromatosis
d) In-vitro hemolysis
b) Polycythemia
The major Intracellular Cation?
a) Calcium
b) Magnesium
c) Sodium
d) Potassium
d) Potassium
Which trace element is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis?
a) Copper
b) Iron
c) Iodine
d) Manganese
c) Iodine
The anticoagulant of choice for arterial blood gas measurements is:
a) EDTA
b) Potassium oxalate
c) Sodium citrate
d) Lithium heparin
d) Lithium heparin
Metabolic acidosis may be described as:
a) An increase in CO₂ content and pCO₂ with decreased pH
b) A decrease in CO₂ content with increased pH
c) An increase in CO₂ content with increased pH
d) A decrease in CO₂ content and pCO₂ with decreased pH
d) A decrease in CO₂ content and pCO₂ with decreased pH
Severe diarrhea is most likely to cause:
a) Metabolic acidosis
b) Metabolic alkalosis
c) Respiratory acidosis
c) Respiratory alkalosis
a) Metabolic acidosis
Which of the following is responsible for regulation of calcium and phosphorus?
a) Adrenal glands
b) Parathyroid
c) Thyroid
d) Hypothalamus
b) Parathyroid
Which of the following can lead to Selenium deficiency?
a) Industrial exposure
b) Pernicious anemia
c) Living in an area with volcanic soil
d) Metabolic defects
c) Living in an area with volcanic soil
What is the most important buffer system of plasma?
a) Bicarbonate/Carbonic Acid
b) Plasma Protein
c) Monovalent/Divalent Phosphate
d) Hemoglobin
a) Bicarbonate/Carbonic Acid
Osmolality can be defined as a measure of the concentration of a solution based on:
a) The number of ionic particles present
b) The number and size of dissolved particles
c) The number of dissolved particles
d) The density of dissolved particles
c) The number of dissolved particles
Menke's Syndrome is caused by the accumulation of which of the following trace elements in the intestinal mucosa, with associated low plasma concentrations?
a) Iron
b) Zinc
c) Copper
d) Manganese
c) Copper
The main difference between Direct ISE and Indirect ISE is:
a) The type of membranes that are used
b) Direct ISE uses a reference electrode whereas indirect ISE does not
c) Sample is diluted in the indirect method and not in the direct method
d) Whole blood samples can be measured with the direct method and not the indirect method
c) Sample is diluted in the indirect method and not in the direct method
A person experiencing symptoms of weakness, lethargy, and arthritis that will not allow them to make a closed fist with their second and third metacarpophalangeal joints is likely experiencing:
a) Iron Overload
b) Zinc Overload
c) Selenium Deficiency
d) Magnesium Deficiency
a) Iron Overload
The expected blood gas results for a patient in chronic renal failure would match the pattern for:
a) Metabolic acidosis
b) Respiratory acidosis
c) Metabolic alkalosis
c) Respiratory alkalosis
a) Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis may be described as:
a) An increase in CO₂ content and pCO₂ with a decreased pH
b) A decrease in CO₂ content with an increased pH
c) An increase in CO₂ content with an increased pH
d) A decrease in CO₂ content and pCO₂ with a decreased pH
a) An increase in CO₂ content and pCO₂ with a decreased pH
What is the most common cause of Vitamin B12 deficiency?
a) Pernicious anemia
b) Alcoholism
c)Malnutrition
d) Iron deficiency anemia
a) Pernicious anemia