Grammar
Define (tell the definition of) these words:
noun-
verb-
adjective-
noun= person, place, thing, or idea
verb= an action word or a form of "to be"
adjective= a word to describe something
Give an example of a protagonist and antagonist from one of the novels we read this year in class.
Protagonist=Brian
Antagonist=weather/nature/moose
Protagonist=Milo
Antagonist=demons
Protagonist=Leo B.
Antagonist=Hillari K.
Protagonist=Kenny
Antagonist=his brother or segregation
Trampoline
Bouncin’ upon the trampoline So high above the ground, Just as I was goin’ up I saw her—comin’ down.
She had a daisy in her hair, She wore a silken gown, But when she started goin’ up, I was comin’ down.
I tried to say, “Hello—nice day.” She smiled and spun around. “Come up awhile with me,” yelled she, But I was goin’ down.
And so, as yet, we’ve never met Because we’ve sadly found That one is always goin’ up While one is comin’ down.
What does it mean if it asks you paraphrase?
put the information in your own words
-Don't just change a word or two
-Use synonyms
-Don't look at the text when you try to put it in your own words
-Start the sentence in a different way than the original text
What does the word "imply" mean?
to suggest something without saying it directly/explicitly
1) How do you make most words plural (more than one)?
2) How do you make words plural if they end in sh, ch, or x?
1) add s
2) add es
What is the turning point of a story called where the protagonist finally has to deal with the main conflict?
climax
What is the difference between a simile and metaphor?
a simile compares two or more things using the words like or as. Ex: Life is like a mountain.
a metaphor compares two or more things but says one thing IS something else
Ex: Life is a mountain.
What does it mean if a question asks you to find the central idea/main idea?
It means you need to identify the main fact/point that the writer wants you to learn about the topic.
What does the word "convey" mean?
to communicate or express something, usually without using words.
For example, an artist can convey that people should recycle using a painting. A person can convey their emotions using facial expressions or body language.
What is the difference between a sentence and a fragment?
A sentence will have a subject and a predicate and will be a complete thought. A fragment is missing a subject OR predicate OR isn't a complete thought.
What is the definition of theme AND what's 1 rule/thing we learned about it?
Theme is the moral or life lesson that readers learn.
Theme CANNOT:
-be 1 word ex: friendship
-include character's names ex: Brian learns to never give up.
Theme CAN BE:
-universal, which means it is a lesson that applies to people around the world, of different ages, cultures, etc.
-explicitly stated or implied
Define personification AND give an example.
Personification is giving human qualities to something that isn't human.
Examples may vary:
The cookies were calling to me as I passed by them in the grocery store.
What is a text feature?
A text feature is something added to the text to help you understand better such as a map, chart, diagram, picture, caption, etc.
What is the difference between ethos, pathos, and logos?
ethos= an appeal to credibility or trustworthiness
(will use someone who is an expert in the field, someone who can be trusted, or even a celebrity)
pathos= an appeal to emotions and feelings
(can make you buy something or donate because you feel sad, worried, guilty, fearful, etc.)
logos=an appeal to logic, reasoning, and facts
(can give numbers, statistics, a logical reason such as this will save you money, etc.)
What are some words that signal that the sentence needs a plural pronoun?
Both, All, Some, A few of, Many, ___ and ___
DON'T CONFUSE THESE WORDS, WHICH GET A SINGULAR PRONOUN: everybody, nor/or, somebody, anyone, etc.
What is the definition of character traits and provide at least 1 example.
Character traits are traits that a character has and we usually use adjectives to describe their personality
Examples include:
adventurous, brave, shy, intelligent, kind, talkative, ambitious, etc.
1) What is the rhyme scheme of this poem?
"The sun was shining on the sea,
Shining with all his might:
He did his very best to make
The billows smooth and bright —
And this was odd, because it was
The middle of the night.
The moon was shining sulkily,
Because she thought the sun
Had got no business to be there
After the day was done —
"It's very rude of him," she said,
"To come and spoil the fun."
The sea was wet as wet could be,
The sands were dry as dry.
You could not see a cloud, because
No cloud was in the sky:
No birds were flying overhead —
There were no birds to fly.
ABCBDB
What should NOT be included in a summary?
your own personal opinions and any specific details or evidence from the text
What is the difference between claims, reasoning, and evidence?
claim=the person's opinion
reasoning=explanation as to why they have that opinion (deductive, inductive, abductive)
evidence= proof to support your opinion; can be expert opinion, statistics, results from a study/experiment, etc.
Name 4 rules for comparative and superlative adjectives.
1) For most words with one syllable, add -er to make it a comparative adjective.
2) For most words with two or more syllables, add more to make it a comparative adjective.
3) For most words with one syllable, add -est to make it superlative.
4) For most words with two or more syllables, add most to make it superlative.
*Teacher may accept other rules such as when to double the consonant, etc.
Name 3 types of conflict and explain each type.
person vs. person= a character is having problems with another character; can be arguing, bullying, physically fighting, etc.
person vs. nature= a person is dealing with a storm, natural disaster, weather, animal/s, or sickness/illness.
person vs. society= a person is having a problem with a group of people
person vs. self=a person is having a problem emotionally feeling sad, depressed, guilty, etc.
1) State a characteristic of a sonnet.
2) State a characteristic of a villanelle.
3) What is a free verse poem?
1) has 14 lines, uses unstressed/stressed syllables, has iambic pentameter, has rhyme scheme, ends with a rhyming couplet usually
2) has 19 lines, has rhyme scheme, has 5 tercets and ends with a quatrain
3) a poem that doesn't need to rhyme; doesn't have a rhyme scheme
1) What does text structure mean?
2) Name at least 1 type of text structure.
1) text structure is how the text is organized
2) chronological (sequence)= time order
problem/solution
description
cause/effect
compare/contrast
What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning?
deductive reasoning begins with a big picture and then comes to a conclusion about something specific
inductive reasoning begins with a specific observation and then makes a conclusion about a big picture or general idea