Theories n' Laws
It is impossible to determine simultaneously and exactly both the momentum and position of a particle
What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by chemical change
What is an element?
This type of bond shares electrons
What is a covalent bond?
Avogadro's Number
What is 6.022 x 1023 molecules / mol
This number describes the intrinsic 'spin' of an electron
What is ms, spin quantum number?
The lowest energy configuration for an atom with electrons within a set of degenerate orbitals is having the maximum number of unpaired electrons
What is Hund's Rule?
Pure substances that can be broken down by chemical change
What is a compound?
This type of bond "steals" electrons
What is an ionic bond?
How to find frequency, or wavelength
What is c = λν?
or
What is E = hv or E = hc / λ
This number describes the intrinsic 'spin' of an electron
What is ms, spin quantum number?
The modern theory of an atom, which assigns numbers to various positions allocated to an electron
What is quantum theory?
This is composed of two or more types of matter that can be present in varying amounts and can be separated by physical changes
What is a mixture?
Determine numbers of protons, electrons, and neutrons for O-
What are 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 9 electrons?
Formula for Energy of a photon
What is E = hc / λ?
E = hv
This describes a subshell, or the shape of an orbital, and its possible values
What is l, angular momentum, and 0 --> n-1
No two electrons in the same atom have exactly the same set of all four quantum numbers
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
A property of a substance that does not depend on the amount of matter present
What is an intensive property?
All samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass
What is the law of definite proportions / law of constant composition?
Fahrenheit to Celsius
What is (F-32)/1.8? or 5/9(TF - 32)
ml
What is the magnetic quantum number?
describes orientation of orbital, values -l --> +l
A set of postulates that establishes the fundamental properties of atoms. Includes ideas paraphrased as 'matter is composed of atoms', and 'atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical change'.
What is Dalton's Atomic Theory?
The change of one or more types of matter into another type that differs from the original matter
What is a chemical change?
When two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small, whole numbers
What is the law of multiple proportions?
Planck's Constant
What is 6.626 x 10-34 J/s?
Calculate the 4 quantum numbers for the final electron in a Carbon atom
What are n=2; l = 0,1; ml = -1,0,1; ms = -1/2, +1/2