Erythropoietin (EPO)
This organ is the primary producer of erythropoietin in adults.
What is the kidney?
This organ is the primary source of thrombopoietin production.
What is the liver?
This interleukin stimulates early hematopoietic progenitor cells and supports multiple lineages.
What is IL-3?
GM-CSF stimulates both granulocytes and this type of phagocytic cell.
What are macrophages?
G-CSF promotes the production of this type of granulocyte.
What are neutrophils?
This physiological condition is the main trigger for increased EPO production.
What is hypoxia?
Thrombopoietin’s main role is to stimulate the production of these blood element
What are platelets?
This interleukin is known for promoting B-cell differentiation and acute phase response.
What is IL-6?
GM-CSF is involved in the development of these antigen-presenting cells.
What are dendritic cells?
This drug is a common recombinant form of G-CSF.
What is filgrastim (or pegfilgrastim)?
This transcription factor stabilizes in low oxygen states and drives EPO gene expression.
What is HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor)?
TPO supports the production of cells that initiate primary hemostasis by adhering to von Willebrand factor via this glycoprotein receptor.
What is glycoprotein Ib (GpIb)?
IL-5 is specifically involved in the production of this type of granulocyte.
What are eosinophils?
GM-CSF signals through a receptor with this shared beta subunit, also used by IL-3 and IL-5.
What are myeloid cells?
G-CSF acts on this progenitor cell to induce differentiation into neutrophils
What is the granulocyte progenitor (or myeloblast)?
This iron-regulatory hormone decreases during anemia of chronic disease, limiting the effectiveness of EPO.
What is hepcidin?
TPO primarily acts on this large bone marrow cell type.
What are megakaryocytes?
IL-7 is essential for the development of this immune cell lineage.
What are T cells?
GM-CSF is primarily secreted by these two immune cell types in response to inflammation.
What are T cells and macrophages?
G-CSF mobilizes these cells from the bone marrow into peripheral blood.
What are hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)?
This cell lineage receives the strongest proliferative and anti-apoptotic signals from EPO in the bone marrow.
What are erythroid progenitors (CFU-E / BFU-E)?
TPO receptor agonists like eltrombopag are used in this autoimmune condition.
What is immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)?
IL-6 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of this inflammatory anemia.
What is anemia of chronic disease (or inflammation)?
Sargramostim (GM-CSF analog) can be used clinically in this condition following bone marrow suppression
What is neutropenia following bone marrow transplantation or myeloablative therapy?
G-CSF is routinely used to prevent neutropenia in patients undergoing this treatment.
What is chemotherapy?