Who is French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization
Louis Pasteur
100
The result of a paralyzing general strike in October 1905, a Russian decree that granted full civil rights and promised a popularly elected Duma with legislative power
October Manifesto
100
A massacre of peaceful protestors at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg in 1905, triggering a revolution that overturned absolut tsarist rule and made Russia into a conservative constitutional monarchy
Bloody Sunday (Russia)
100
Realism
A literary movement that stressed the depiction of life as it actually was
Realism
100
The idea that disease was spread by living organisms that could be controlled.
Germ Theory
200
Italian general, politician and nationalist who played a large role in the history of Italy. He is considered, with Camillo Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II and Giuseppe Mazzini, as one of Italy's "fathers of the fatherland".
Giuseppe Garibaldi
200
What is The Russian parliament that opened in 1906, elected indirectly by universal male suffrage but controlled after 1907 by the Tsar and the conservative class.
Duma
200
The guerilla army of Giuseppe Garibaldi, who invaded Sicily in 180 in an attempt to liberate it, winning the hearts of the Sicilian peasantry.
The Red Shirts (Italy)
200
The highly skilled workers, such as factory foremen and construction bosses, who made up about 15 percent of the working classes
Labor Aristocracy
300
The late nineteenth century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad.
New Imperialism
300
A set of reforms designed to remake the Ottoman Empire on a western European model
Tanzimat
300
The Russian parliament that opened in 1906, elected indirectly by universal male suffrage but controlled after 1907 by the Tsar and the conservative class.
Duma
300
An american law enacted during the Civil War that gave western land to settlers and reinforced the concept of free labor in a market economy
Homestead Act
300
the burst of industrial creativity and technological innovation that promoted strong economic growth
Second Industrial Revolution
400
A meeting of European leaders held in 1884 and 1885 in order to lay down some basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa
Berlin Conference
400
Fervent patriots who seized power in a 1908 coup in the Ottoman Empire, forcing the conservative sultan to implement reforms.
the Young Turks
400
A set of reforms designed to remake the Ottoman Empire on a western European model
Tanzimat
400
An idea that stress gradual changes and continuous adjustments in the development of animal species.
Evolution
500
Descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa
Afrikaners
500
The case where Alfred Dreyfus, a jewish captain in the French army, was falsely accused and convicted of treason. The Catholic church sided with the anti-semites against Dreyfus; after Dreyfus was declared innocent, the French government severed all ties between the state and the church.
The Dreyfus Affair
500
An effort by moderate socialists too update Marxist doctrines to reflect the realities of the time
Revisionism
500
Who is an Italian statesman and a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification
Camillo Cavour
500
Drawn from the ideas of Charles Darwin, it applied the theory of biological evolution to human affairs and saw the human race as driven by unending economic struggle that would determine the survival of the fittest.