Argumentative Writing
What does CER stand for?
Claim, Evidence, Reasoning
Which rhetorical appeal uses facts, data, or logical reasoning to support a claim?
Logos
Which part of speech names a person, place, thing, or idea?
Noun
What is ELA PIE? (Author's Purpose)
Persuade, Inform, Entertain
What is the punctuation mark used to join two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction?
Comma (placed before the coordinating conjunction: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
What is the main statement in an argumentative essay that tells the writer's position?
Claim
Which appeal asks the reader to feel emotions like pity, joy, or anger to persuade them?
Pathos
Identify the part of speech that describes a verb, adjective, or adverb.
Adverb
If an author writes to "explain how photosynthesis works," what is their main purpose?
To inform (or to explain).
"The dolphins soared above the waves."
P: Above
OP: the waves
Name two components that should appear in the introduction of an argumentative essay besides the claim
Hook and background information
Define ethos and give a quick example of how a writer might establish ethos in a paragraph.
Ethos is an appeal to the writer's credibility or character. Example: Citing relevant qualifications or reputable sources (e.g., "As a licensed pediatrician with 10 years of experience, I recommend...").
Create a sentence and indicate which word is the preposition.
Ex. "The cat slept under the warm blanket." Preposition: under.
(How can tone help reveal an author's purpose? Give one word to describe tone and one of the author's purpose words.
Tone: instructive
Purpose: to inform
e.g., an instructive, neutral tone with step-by-step language signals the purpose is to teach or explain.
Choose the correct pronoun to complete the sentence: "Between Sarah and (I / me), which of us left the keys?" Provide the correct choice and a short explanation.
Me
The phrase "between Sarah and me" is the object of the preposition "between," so use the object pronoun "me."
What is a counterclaim? Why would someone include it in an argument?
A counterclaim is an acknowledgment of a valid point from the opposing side. Writers include it to show fairness and strengthen credibility before rebutting the opposing point.
Explain how a writer could combine logos and pathos in one sentence to strengthen an argument.
Use a fact plus emotionally charged phrasing. Example sentence: "Studies show a 40% rise in youth anxiety after reduced recess time, leaving many children exhausted and stressed." Logos = "40% rise" (data); Pathos = "exhausted and stressed" (emotion).
What is the difference between a pronoun and a proper noun? Give one example of each.
A pronoun replaces a noun (e.g., he, she, they). A proper noun names a specific person/place/thing and is capitalized (e.g., London, Maria). Example pronoun: she. Example proper noun: Mount Everest.
Read this short prompt: "A writer creates a fun and magical world for kids to enjoy" Which purpose best fits and why? (One-sentence answer.)
To entertain, because the text speaks of making a "fun and magical world" for enjoyment.
Identify the sentence type and how you know:
1. Compound (two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction "and").
2. Complex (one independent clause "we decided to stay inside and finish our work" + one dependent clause and subordinating conj. "Although the rain stopped").
What is the correct order of paragraphs in an argumentative essay?
Introduction, body paragraph (main point 1), body paragraph (main point 2), counterargument and rebuttal, conclusion
Create a short persuasive sentence that uses ethos, then explain which words or details create the ethos.
"As a dentist who has worked with people's dental health for 18 years, I have seen that consistent brushing and flossing lessens cavities." Explanation: "As a dentist... for 18 years" establishes expertise and experience, creating ethos.
Define a verb phrase and identify it in this sentence: "The students have been preparing their presentations all week."
A verb phrase is a group of words that functions as the verb of a sentence and includes the main verb plus any auxiliary (helping) verbs, or verbals necessary to express tense, voice, or mood.
"have been preparing" is the verb phrase.
An author writes a story that focuses on improving cleaning beaches and oceans by showing characters and animals that are harmed.
Identify the author's likely purpose and name two clues in the text that would support your answer.
Purpose: to persuade readers that taking care of nature is valuable and moral.
Clues: 1) Improving beaches and oceans
2) Characters and animals harmed
Identify the four mistakes in the following:
"Each of the students have finished there homework early but they wasn't happy with they're grades."
1. Subject-verb agreement: "Each of the students have" → "Each of the students has" (because "each" is singular).
2.Homophone misuse: "there homework" → "their homework" (possessive pronoun).
3.Verb contraction/misuse: "they wasn't" → "they weren't" or "they were not" (plural subject with plural verb).
4. Homophone misuse: "they're grades" → "their grades" (possessive pronoun).