Drawing a general conclusion from instances or examples.
What is inductive reasoning (reasoning from examples).
100
Recommendation for a course of action.
What is a claim of policy?
100
When hoping to convince listeners to adopt your attitudes or actions. your claims must be more than logically relevant evidence. This evidence is what you need.
What is motivationally relevant evidence?
100
Appeal to popular opinion, assumes that if everyone else is doing it you should as well
What is a bandwagon fallacy?
100
Placing your strongest arguments first or last takes advantage of this effect discussed in earlier chapters.
What is the primacy-recency effect?
200
Applying a general conclusion to a specific example.
What is deductive reasoning.
200
Assertion of truth or that something exists.
What is a claim of fact?
200
What type of evidence will this audience demand? What specific evidence will generate the best response?
What are the two questions to be asked when finding questions morally relevant to them.
200
Rephrasing an idea and then offering it as its own reason
What is begging the question?
200
Different listeners are likely to prefer different kinds of evidence
What is "vary your evidence?"
300
Using an observable mark or symptom as proof of a state of affairs.
What is reasoning from sign.
300
Assertion that something is good or bad; desirable or undesirable; justified or unjustified.
What is a claim of value.
300
This type of evidence should reflect your claim.
What is rationally relevant evidence?
300
general label for attacks on people instead of their arguments
What is name-calling?
300
Successful argument demands skill in performing the techniques of public reasoning.
What is "practice constructing logical arguments and detecting fallacious ones?"
400
Concluding that an event that occurs first is responsible for a later event.
What is reasoning from causal relationship?
400
Congressmen and senators should have to pass a test on the Constitution before running for office.
What is a claim of policy?
400
The person on page 254
Who is Bono?
400
When someone who is popular but not an expert urges the acceptance of an idea or a product
What is an appeal to authority?
400
Know the opponent's arguments as well as they do.
What is "knowing the potential arguments of your opponents?"
500
Asserting that two things or events share similar characteristics or patterns.
What is reasoning from parallel case?
500
Turning off the light after you leave the room will save electricity.
What is a claim of fact?
500
The question you should ask yourself as you plan your arguments
What is "What type of evidence is logically relevant in support of my claim?"
500
Occurs when someone assumes that the only "true" understanding of some idea, practice or event is to be found in its origins
What is a genetic fallacy?
500
Maintain arguments on an appropriate intellectual level