What is Argumentation?
Parts of an Argument
The Emergence of Controversy
Show me the EVIDENCE
Argument Schemes
Name that Fallacy!
100

True of False. All disagreements rise to a level of argumentation.

What is false? 

100

The claim of __________ is not about a set of facts but HOW we should understand and INTERPRET reality. 

What is claim of definition?

100

The appropriate type of claim for the following proposition "The possibility of an asteroid or meteor hitting the Earth is great enough that the Federal government should be finding plans to prevent it."

Claim of ....   Fact?      Definition?    Value?   Policy?

What is Claim of Policy?

100

This is NOT an example of social consensus as evidence

a. previously established claims

b. commonplaces

c. testimony

d. shared historical understanding

What is testimony? 

100

This is the concept of ________ in an argument. An argument will be valid if the evidence supports it. 

What is the concept of validity in an argument?

100

1. We know that evolution is false because we did not evolve from monkeys.

2. We have to stop the tuition increase. The next thing you know, they'll be charging $40,000 a semester!

1. What is strawman?

2. What is slippery slope?

200

_____ is the genre of argumentation in which two or more advocates present opposing views, and a third, presumed disinterested person, chooses between the two views. 

Deliberation? Debate? Negotiation? Public Address?

What is Debate?

200

The _______ is the link between the support and the claim. It can be implicitly or implicitly stated.

What is a warrant? (inference)

200

The appropriate type of claim for the following proposition "Obesity can cause health problems."

Claim of ....   Fact?      Definition?    Value?   Policy?

What is claim of fact?

(Proposes whether something is/is not....frequently verifiable, and often takes a more objective approach. Draws on logical inferences)

200

1. "55 percent of baby boomer state that they plan to continue working at least until the age of seventy." This is an example of _____ evidence.

2. "....the results are significant at the 0.05 level of confidence" refers to this example of statistical evidence.


1. What is objective data (also called statistics; percentage)

2. What is probability statement? (see page. 88)

200

In the Argument From Example argument scheme, the underlying warrant is that the whole is basically like the ______, and the _____ is basically like the whole.

What is the part?  (Think representativeness)

200

1. We're going to have to cut the athletic budget or go into deeper debt. We can't afford to into deeper debt. So we'll have to cut the athletic budget.

2. Caitlyn Clark is scratched by a cat while visiting her friend. Two days later she comes down with a fever. Caitlyn concludes that the cat's scratch made her sick.   

1. What is black-or-white?

2. What is false cause?

300

True or False. The relationship between the evidence and the warrant can make the claim valid or fallacious.

What is true?

300

The appropriate type of claim for the following proposition "The death penalty as applied in the United States is immoral."

Claim of ....   Fact?      Definition?    Value?   Policy?

What is a claim of value?

300

This refers to the point where arguments (should) collide. Zarefsky refers to it as the "fulcrum" of an argument- and represents the question that must be settled in order to end the dispute.

What is stasis?

300

True or False. When applying the 10 general standards for evaluating evidence, one might argue RECENCY.... "The most recent evidence is always the best." 

What is false? (see page 97)

300

When evaluating evidence from the internet,  ________ is an important standard to follow. You want to check what you find against other sources because what you find should be compatible with other websites or what is found in print. 


What is confirmability?

300

1. The belief that God is universal. After all, everyone believes in God.

2. I'm not a doctor, but I play one on the hit series "Bimbos and Studmuffins in the OR." You can take it from me that when you need a fast acting, effective safe pain killer there is nothing better than MorphiDope 2000. That is my considered medical opinion.


1. What is begging the question?

2. What is Appeal to Authority?

400

This type of fallacy uses DISTRACTION to avoid addressing the issue being discussed in an argument.

What is Red herring (also called Ignoring the question. It is a Fallacy of Vacuity)?

400

_________ values can be seen as a means to an end, whereas ________ values are ends in themselves.

What is instrumental values; terminal values?

400

1. If person A accuses person B "you stole my ID." And person B replies, "No, I borrowed your ID," this is the point of stasis are they contesting.

2. In the same scenario, person B instead responds "Let's not discuss this on the street. Stealing identity is a criminal offense. If you think you have a case against me, then prosecute. I will see you in court," this is the point of stasis are they contesting.

1. What is stasis of definition?

2. What is stasis of place?

400

Which is NOT true of topoi? (see pages 67-68)

a. Referring to the topoi enable us to check whether we have complete understanding of the relevant issue

b. There are different types of topoi for each type of claim.

c. Topoi are the particular issues themselves.

d. Topoi are shortcuts to identify issues in a claim.

What is 

c. Topoi are the particular issues themselves.

400

It is the deficiency in the relationship among statements in an argument.

What is a fallacy?

400

1. Your family is weird. That means that you are weird, too. 

2. I am going to add a raw egg to my beer and drink this everyday when I come home from work. My maternal grandfather did this and he worked until he was 62 and lived until he was 87! 

1. What is Composition/Division?


2. What is Anecdotal Fallacy?

500

The 5 underlying assumptions in argumentation according to Zarefsky.

What are the following Fab 5 underlying assumptions in argumentation...

1. The audience matters!

2. Argumentation takes place under conditions of uncertainty

3. Arguers are restrained partisanship (pg. 16-17)

4. Argumentation is fundamentally a cooperative enterprise

5. Argumentation entails risk

500

According to the Toulmin Model, list and provide an example of each of the 6 parts of an argument. All examples should relate to the SAME overall argument.

What is 

1. Claim  (statements the audience is asked to accept; the speaker will provide reasons)

2. Evidence/Support (reasoning to justify the claim)

3. Warrant (the inference; link between the support and the claim)

4. Backing (additional reinforcement for the warrant)

5. Rebuttal (engaging the potential questions or challenges to your claim/evidence/warrant, often followed by a qualifier or backing to advance your claim)

6. Qualifier (language that mitigates or tones down the claim)

500

1. True or False. The advocate without presumption holds the burden of proof.

2. True of False. The first person to advance a claim bears the "burden of proof."

1. What is true?


2. What is false?

500

List and describe 5 of the 10 standards for evaluating evidence. Hint: see the shared Google Doc :)

What are (see pages 96-98 for definitions)

1.Accessibility

2.Credibility

3.Internal Consistency

4.External Consistency

5.Recency

6.Relevance

7.Adequacy

8.Accuracy

9. Context

10. Appropriateness

500

Factors that contribute to a person's credibility

What are

a. expertise in the subject area

b. track record

c. self-interest

d. who is in position to know (eye witness)

500

1. The neurological system in humans is incredibly complex. How could this complex system exist without an intelligent designer?

2. Name this fallacy. 

1.  Appeal to Incredulity 

2.    Middle Ground

Another example from Bingo: Some people claim that God is all powerful, all knowing, and all good. Other people claim that God does not exist at all. Now, it seems reasonable to accept a position in the middle - God exists but he in only very powerful, very knowing, and very good. That seems right to me.

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