Argument Anatomy
This is the main argument or position the writer is trying to prove, usually found in the introduction.
What is the Claim?
The purpose of acknowledging the opposing viewpoint (counterclaim) is to build this trait, showing the author is fair and knowledgeable.
What is Credibility (or Ethos)?
"78% of students believe school start times should be later."
What is Statistical Evidence (or Data)?
This rhetorical appeal relies on logic, facts, and data to persuade the audience.
What is Logos?
What is Miss Nash's favorite color?
What is Green?
This is an argument that opposes the writer's main claim.
What is a Counterclaim?
This is why a writer might admit that part of the opposing argument is true before proving the rest of it wrong.
What is Concession?
A quote from Dr. Anthony Fauci regarding infectious diseases.
What is Expert Opinion?
This rhetorical appeal tries to persuade the audience by eliciting an emotional response, such as fear, pity, or anger.
What is Pathos?
What sport did Miss Nash play in college?
What is volleyball?
This is the section where the writer responds to the opposing view and explains why it is wrong or weak
What is the Rebuttal?
The purpose of this move is to say, "While the cost is high, the money saved in the long run makes it worth it."
What is the Rebuttal?
A historical document, a law, or a confirmed scientific fact that cannot be disputed.
What is Factual Evidence?
This is an error in reasoning that weakens an argument (ex: attacking the person instead of the idea).
What is a Logical Fallacy?
When did Miss Nash start teaching?
What is December of 2023?
Often found at the very end of the conclusion, this sentence tells the reader exactly what they should do or think next.
What is a Call to Action?
The purpose of this move is to say, "Some people might worry that this plan is too expensive."
What is the counterargument?
This type of evidence relies on the interpretation of a text, painting, or performance (often used in literary analysis).
What is Textual Evidence?
When a toothpaste commercial mentions "Recommended by 9 out of 10 Dentists," they are leveraging this appeal.
What is Ethos?
Where is Miss Nash from?
What is Arizona (+150 for Tucson)?
This "bridge" explains how the evidence actually supports the claim; it is the logic that connects the data to the argument.
What is the Warrant?
The purpose of this move is to say, "Yes, that is true, BUT my point is more important."
What is Concession + Rebuttal?
If you are arguing about the legal definition of free speech, the strongest evidence would come from this document.
What is the Constitution?
This fallacy suggests that one small step will inevitably lead to a disastrous chain of events (ex: "If you skip breakfast, you'll fail school and become homeless").
What is a Slippery Slope?
What number was Miss Nash in college?
What is #13?