Aristotlelian
What are natural and violent motion?
Natural motion
Natural motion - occurs when an object moves and returns to its natural state depending on the composition that the object is made of.
Violent Motion - occurs when an object moves after an external force, such as pushing or pulling, is applied to it.
What is Galileo's view on vertical and horizontal motion?
VERTICAL motion of objects was downward due to gravity; in the absence of air resistance, objects would fall not depending on their weight but depending on the time of fall.
HORIZONTAL MOTION - an object in motion, if unimpeded, will continue to be in motion; external force is NOT necessary to maintain horizontal motion
*came from his "thought experiments"
What is the only force acting on a ball, producing acceleration?
Gravity - 9.8 m/s^2
What were the natural places for earth, water, air, and fire?
earth (downward), water (downward), air (upward), and fire (upward)
What is Galileo's view on projectile motion?
The combination of horizontal and vertical motions(compound motions).
Vertical motion - gravitational acceleration
Horizontal motion - occurs at the same time
These motions are independent of each other; are always perpendicular; follow a curved trajectory.
TRUE or FALSE. Besed on experiments conducted by Galileo, in the absence of air resistance, objects of different masses will NOT reach the ground at the same time when thrown at the same height.
FALSE.
In the absence of air resistance, objects of different masses WILL reach the ground at the same time when thrown at the same height.
Give an example of Aristotle's vertical and horizontal motion.
Vertical (move up and down; depends on the kind of element that made up the object): Dropping a ball from a height; Shooting a basketball into a hoop
Horizontal (IMPETUS-force or energy that permits an object to move): Kicking a soccer ball across a field and Driving a car along a straight road
the acceleration of a freely falling object is constant, regardless of its mass.
What is the experiment of Galileo on an inclined plane all about? What was he able to verify with his experiment?
Galileo's experiment involved rolling balls down an inclined plane. Galileo rolled balls of different sizes and masses down a smooth, inclined plane—a tilted surface.
AIM: to observe how the angle of the incline affected the motion of the objects.
A rolling ball increased in velocity at a constant rate. This verification of constant acceleration is an instance of an object's inertia.
What is the belief of Aristotle about projectile motion?
He believed that projectiles moved parallel to the ground until it was the object’s time to fall toward the ground.
Example: a cannonball fired at a certain angle
When objects of different masses are released, one observes that these objects fall towards the Earth at the same rate, regardless of their mass.
This is because in the "vacuum of space", there is no air resistance to slow down the objects.
What is the conclusion of Galileo's experiment with the inclined plane?
Galileo's experiment with the inclined plane
First is that the velocity of the ball increased as the ball move down the incline
Second, the total distance traveled by the ball depended on the square of the time.
Lastly, the ball reached its maximum acceleration when the inclined plane was positioned vertically as if it was simply falling.
What did Aristotle believe kept the celestial bodies in motion?
Aristotle described motion as the result of an object's tendency to reach its natural place.
Aristotle believed that the celestial bodies were kept in motion by the rotation of transparent crystalline spheres driven by the unmoved mover.
Galileo's experiments with inclined planes led him to propose what fundamental idea about motion?
the idea that all objects fall at the same rate regardless of their mass
What is the Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment all about?
The structure from which Galileo, according to legend, dropped two objects of different weights to demonstrate that they fell at the same rate