The Development of a New Atomic Model
Distinguish between the ground state and an excited state of an atom.
The ground state of an atom is the atom's lowest energy state. An excited state of an atom is any energy state that is higher in energy than the atom's ground state.
What information is given by the angular momentum quantum number?
The angular momentum quantum number indicates an orbital's shape.
What is the significance of the spin quantum number?
The two different values of the spin quantum number permit two electrons of opposite spin states to occupy the same orbital.
How does a 2s orbital differ from a 1s orbital?
The 2s orbital has a higher energy than a 1s orbital does, and the distance of the electron from the nucleus is farther for a 2s orbital than for a 1s orbital.
Identify what atom this is based on the electron configuration: [Ne]3s23p5
Chlorine
Determine the frequency of light whose wavelength is 4.257 x 10-7cm.
The speed of light is about 3.00 x 108 m/s.
7.05 x 1016 Hz
Describe 2 major shortcomings of Bohr's model the atom.
The Bohr model was valid only for a single-electron atom, and it did not explain the chemical nature atoms.
Write the orbital notation for Sodium (Na).
Sarah will check.
List the order in which orbitals generally fill, from the 1s to the 7p orbital.
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
All the forms of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to increasing wavelength or frequency.
Which theory of light - the wave theory or the particle theory - best explains the following phenomena?
a. the interference of light
b. the photoelectric effect
c. the emission of electromagnetic radiation by an excited atom
a. wave theory
b. particle theory
c. particle theory
How many orbital orientations are possible in each of the s, p, d and f sublevels?
1, 3, 5, and 7 respectively.
Write the electron configuration notation for the element whose atoms contain 13 electrons.
1s22s22p63s23p1
Write the noble-gas notation for arsenic (As).
[Ar]3d104s24p3
Based on the below electron configuration, what is the following atom?
[Ne]3s23p2
Silicon
Describe the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom.
The Bohr model depicts a hydrogen nucleus with a single electron circling the nucleus at a specific radius in a path called an orbit. The electron exists in one of only a finite number of allowed orbits.
How many total orbitals are contained in the third main energy level? in the fifth?
There are 9 orbitals in the third energy level and 25 in the fifth energy level.
What element is represented by [Ne]3s2?
Magnesium
How do a 2px and a 2py orbital differ?
The orientation of a 2px and a 2py orbital are at right angles to each other.
Describe an orbital in terms of an electron cloud.
Orbitals are like clouds that show the region of probable electron locations. The sizes and shapes of electron clouds depend on the energies of the electrons that occupy them.
According to Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, how is hydrogen's emission spectrum produced?
According to Bohr, a line-emission spectrum is produced when an electron drops from a higher-energy orbit to a lower-energy orbit, emitting a photon. The photon's energy is equal to the difference in energy between the two levels.
How many electrons could be contained in the 7th main energy level?
Theoretically, n=7 can contain 98 electrons.
(2+6+10+14+18+22+26=98)
Write both the complete electron-configuration notation and the noble-gas notation for strontium (Sr).
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s2
[Kr]5s2
Write the noble-gas notation for Lanthanum.
[Xe]5d16s2
Is the following set of quantum numbers possible? Explain.
2,0,1,-1/2
Not possible.
If n=2 (principal quantum number is 2), there are 2 possible orbital shapes so your values for l (angular momentum quantum number) can be 0 or 1. However, the number of orientations possible (the magnetic quantum number) ranges from -l to +l... which means m would have to equal 0 but the questions says m=1 so it does not work.