Key Points for Ch 6
Fallacies of Clarity are arguments that fail because they contain words, phrases, or syntax that distort or cloud their ____________.
Meanings
The first question to ask of any argument is:
What is the issue at hand?
Chronological Snobbery- ("The future of confectionary")
Snob Appeal- (Handcrafted, the perfect companion and compatible with all liquid accessories lol)
Irrelevant Goals or Functions (The kit Kat bar isn't suppose to be a multi-sensory experience)
Equivocation (I am thoroughly impressed at their ability to keep their thoughts straight on what they are even saying- its pretty impressive and hilarious)
An argument that fails because the key term is ambiguous
Equivocation
When identifying fallacies of Relevance what is the crucial question to ask?
Is the argument relevant to the issue at hand?
Sweeping Generalization (did you notice how King Triton is generalizing about humans and how ALL humans are therefore"spineless etc")
Hasty Generalization (Ariel makes a hasty decision about one guy based on one time she saw him)
Equivocation (He uses the words You wouldn't hit a guy with glasses for his argument and then says that Ralph "hit a guy with glasses" literally- its a play on words)
When words are unclear we can call them:
Ambiguous
When identifying fallacies of Presumption what is the crucial question to ask?
Is the argument assuming something illegitimate?
False Cause (I'm not sure a man's shaver is the reason for his multiple successes)
Irrelevant Goals or Functions (The shaver is meant for shaving not for empowering men to be the best)
Snob Appeal (is Gillette really the best a man can get?)
Equivocation (Pinocchio learns to cleverly use his words and his ambiguity almost gets him out of a pickle)
The branch of philosophy that answers the question, "What is real?"
Ontology
When identifying fallacies of Clarity what is the crucial question to ask?
Is the argument clear?
Appeal to Fear (Sheesh, I'm afraid to go camping after this lol- actually growing up in the era of Smokey the bear, everyone knew his motto "only You can prevent forest fires")
Equivocation (No one knows whether to clap or be offended at what Bilbo just said as he uses his words in a tricky way lol)
The branch of philosophy that answers the question, "How can we know what we know?"
Epistemology
The art and science of reasoning
Logic
Tu Quoque (notice how Anna discredits Elsa by saying, "what do you know about true love")
Ad Hominem Abusive ("All you know I how to shut people out")
Bifurcation- She lays out an either or scenario where both are not options he wants to choose from- pretty clever.