Minoan
The Minoans were one of the earliest cultures to paint what?
Natural landscapes without any humans present in the scene.
What are the 3 eras and dates of Greek art?
• Archaic Period (c.650-480 BCE)
• Classical Period (c.480-323 BCE)
• Hellenistic Period (c.323-27 BCE)
What was unique about the Roman bust?
The Roman bust did not include the shoulders.
How did early Christians depict people in art?
Figures are mostly seen frontally staring out at the viewer, where classical art tended to show a profile view - the change was seen even on coins.
What happened to art in the Pre-Romanesque Period?
Christian monumental sculpture is recorded for the first time, and depiction of the human figure in narrative scenes became confident for the first time in Northern art. In architecture, they produced larger buildings than had been seen since Roman times.
The Minoans were inspired by who for their colors used?
The Egyptians
Archaic Greek Pottery was decorated originally with what?
Linear designs (proto-geometric style), then more elaborate patterns (geometric style) of triangles, zigzags and other similar shapes. Decorations became more and more figurative, as more animals, zoomorphs and then human figures themselves were included. Black-figure pottery was introduced: figures were first drawn in black silhouette, then marked with incised detail. Additional touches were added in purple or white.
What was the difference in how the Greeks treated their artists versus the Romans?
Greek artists were highly revered in their society, but most Roman artists were anonymous and considered tradesmen. There is no recording of the great masters of Roman art, and practically no signed works. Where Greeks worshipped the aesthetic qualities of great art, and wrote extensively on artistic theory, Roman art was more decorative and indicative of status and wealth, and apparently not the subject of scholars or philosophers.
What was distinctive of Byzantine art?
Byzantine art had conflict because it was so well done it clashed with the conservative culture of the time and pottery was seen as folk art. This is where Greece use to be.
What was the notable thing in Insular Art?
Insular manuscripts sometimes take a whole page for a single initial or the first few words at beginnings of gospels or other sections in a book. Allowing decoration, a "right to roam".
What is fresco secco?
Fresco secco, which is the application of paint, in particular for details, onto a dry plaster to give a shallow three-dimensional effect and for details.
What are the 3 types of columns?
Doric, Ionic and Corinthian.
What kind of art did Romans paint/sculpt?
Realism became the ideal. Recording historical events without the clutter of symbolism and mythological metaphor became an obsession. Immortalizing an individual private patron in art was a common artist's commission. Painting aimed at faithfully capturing landscapes, townscapes, and the more trivial subjects of daily life.
What is Migration Period art?
Migration Period art describes Germanic and Eastern-European peoples who were on the move - a blanket term that covers a wide range of ethnic or regional styles including early Anglo-Saxon art, Visigothic art, Viking art, and Merovingian art. Most artworks were small and portable and those surviving are mostly jewelry and metalwork, with the art expressed in geometric or schematic designs, often beautifully conceived and made, with few human figures and no attempt at realism.
What happened in the Romanesque era?
Many more figures and paintings of Mary- more realistic. Larger churches with very large fresco painting, more reliefs- higher up. Stained glass windows and vaulted ceilings.
What did Minoans paint?
They depicted first abstract shapes and geometric designs, and then, later, all manner of subjects ranging in scale from miniature to larger-than-life size. Scenes of rituals, processions, festivals, ceremonies, and bull sports were most popular. Scenes from nature were common, especially of lilies, irises, crocuses, roses, and also plants such as ivy and reeds.
What is Encaustic painting?
A painting technique in which pigments are mixed with hot liquid wax. Artists can change the paint’s consistency by adding resin or oil (the latter for use on canvas) to the wax. After the paint has been applied to the support, which is usually made of wood, plaster, or canvas, a heating element is passed over the surface until the individual brush or spatula marks fuse into a uniform film. This “burning in” of the colors is an essential element of the true encaustic technique.
How were humans depicted by the end of the Roman Era?
Stumpy, stubby proportions, angular movements, an ordering of parts through symmetry and repetition and a rendering of features and also a large-eyed figure in a harsh frontal style, in simple compositions emphasizing power at the expense of grace.
what were Anglo-Saxons known for?
•Illuminated manuscripts
•Metalwork
•monastic art
•gold-engraving
•Ivory carving
•Textile art
•Anglo-Saxon glass
•decorated leather
What happened in the Gothic era?
Larger Cathedrals, More stained glass, lots of depiction of Mary and her son, more tapestries, less wall painting, and obsession with death due to the black plague.
What was the time period of the Minoans?
2000-1500 BCE.
What are the distinct differences in the 3 eras?
• Archaic Period (c.650-480 BCE)- gradual experimentation, stiff sculptures, Egyptian influences.
• Classical Period (c.480-323 BCE)- more realistic, graceful beauty, lots of gods/goddesses and athletes.
• Hellenistic Period (c.323-27 BCE)- During this period there was the decline and fall of Greece and the rise of Rome and art was more expressive/emotional. Sculptures tried new things.
What was one of Rome's greatest innovations, and why?
Architecture was one of Rome's greatest innovations. Roman engineers developed methods for city building on a grand scale, including the use of concrete. Massive buildings like the Pantheon and the Colosseum could never have been constructed with previous materials and methods. Though concrete had been invented a thousand years earlier in the Near East, the Romans extended its use from fortifications to their most impressive buildings and monuments, capitalizing on the material's strength and low cost. Because of these methods, Roman architecture is legendary for the durability of its construction; with many buildings still standing, and some still in use, mostly buildings converted to churches during the Christian era.
How long did Medieval art last?
Over 1000 years.
How is Viking Art divided?
Viking art is usually divided into a chronological order for their Norse animal styles:
• Oseberg Style- The 'gripping beast' with a ribbon-shaped body
• Borre Style- a range of geometric interlace / knot patterns and zoomorphic (single animal) motifs
• Jellinge Style- markedly stylized and often band-shaped bodies of animals
• Mammen Style- features a large bird with pelleted body, crest, circular eye, and upright head and beak with lappet. A large shell-spiral marks the bird's hip, from which point its thinly elongated wings emerge: the right wing interlaces with the bird's neck, while the left wing interlaces with its body and tail
• Ringerike Style- reddish sandstone for carving stones with designs
• Urnes Style- slim and stylised animals that are interwoven into tight patterns