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the way linguists show how the human vocal tract is able to produce different sound types/articulations
the source-filter model
articulator above the larynx, behind the tongue, and is the throat
the pharynx
cartilage that opens and closes the opening to the glottis to prevent or allow things to go through (no food to go through, allow air)
epiglottis
consonants are determined by these three articulatory parameters
voicing, place of articulation, manner of articulation
initiated like a stop but released like a fricative
affricate
in the human body, this is the power
the lungs
space inside the nose
nasal cavity
what are the four articulatory parameters?
tongue height, tongue advancement, lip roundedness, tenseness
If the vocal folds are vibrating, the sound is ______. If they are not, they are _________. The place of articulation is determined by where the _________ ____________ occurs. A consonant's manner of articulation is determined by ________________.
voiced; voiceless; consonant constriction; how the sound is produced
obstruction with a "flick" on the tongue
tap or flap
in the human body, this is the source
the vocal folds
space inside the mouth
oral cavity
Consonants can be _________ by lowering the velum to allow air to flow through the nasal cavity
nasalized
Consonants can be _________ - produced with an extra burst of air from the glottis to release. (e.g. /kh/)
aspirated
articulators come near each other but dont significantly block the airstream
lateral approximant
in the human body, this is the filter
the pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity
When vocal folds are closed, they are ________. When vocal folds are open, they are ________.
adducted; abducted
dipthong
air is stopped completely for an instant and then release
plosive/stop
airstream goes through the nasal cavity and stopped in the oral cavity
nasal
the source produces _______, the filter _______ sound waves while leaving intact.
sound; dampens (could be another word for it)
What is the glottis?
vocal folds and all the space between them
Tongue Height is how ____ the tongue is in the mouth. Tongue advancement is how ___ the tongue is in the mouth. Lip roundedness is whether the lips are _______ or not. Tenseness determine how much ______ _______ the vowel is produced with.
high; far; rounded; muscle tension
thin/turbulent airstream
fricative
Constriction at velum and tongue - ___________
Constriction at glottis and tongue - ___________
Constriction at the top lip and bottom teeth - _______
velar; glottal; labiodental