Processes of Evolution
This process occurs when allele frequencies change due to chance events, especially in small populations.
What is Genetic Drift
This pattern occurs when one ancestral species gives rise to multiple new species occupying different niches.
What is Adaptive Radiation
Similar bone structures in vertebrate forelimbs are examples of these.
What are Homologous Structures
This prezygotic barrier occurs when species breed at different times of the year.
What is Temporal Isolation.
Kiwi still having tiny wing nubs is an example of this type of evidence for divergent evolution.
What is Vestigial Structure.
This mechanism of evolution occurs when individuals with advantageous inherited traits leave more offspring.
What is Natural Selection
This evolutionary pattern results in unrelated species developing similar adaptations due to similar selection pressures.
What is Convergent Evolution
Similarities in DNA sequences between species provide this type of evidence for evolution.
What is Molecular (Genetic) Evidence
This prezygotic barrier occurs when species occupy different habitats within the same area.
What is Ecological (habitat) Isolation.
This term is used to describe those species that are found in New Zealand and nowhere else.
What is Endemic.
This introduces new genetic variation into a population by creating new alleles.
What is Mutation
This pattern occurs when related species become increasingly different over time.
What is Divergent Evolution
These structures have little or no current function but were functional in ancestors.
What are Vestigial Structures
Incompatible mating dances is an example of this type of RIM.
What is Behavioural Isolation.
This New Zealand insect group shows divergent evolution through gigantism and loss of flight.
What are Weta?
This evolutionary process occurs when individuals move into or out of a population, transferring alleles.
What is Geneflow (Migration)
This pattern would predict a fossil sequence showing many slight changes between ancestral and descendant species.
What is Gradualism
The distribution of Ratite bird species across the Southern Continents is this type of evidence for evolution.
What is Biogeographic Evidence.
This postzygotic barrier occurs when a hybrid offspring dies before reaching reproductive age.
What is Hybrid Inviability.
This group of birds underwent adaptive radiation to fill ecological niches occupied by mammalian grazers in other parts of the world.
What are Moa.
This evolutionary mechanism was responsible for the rapid increase in dark-coloured peppered moths during the Industrial Revolution.
What is Directional Natural Selection.
The diversification of mammals following the extinction of dinosaurs is often cited as an example consistent with this evolutionary pattern.
What is Punctuated Equilibrium
This type of DNA is useful to develop Molecular clocks to date descent from a common ancestor as it doesn't recombine during Meiosis.
What is mtDNA (Mitochondrial DNA)
Mules (the offspring of horses and donkeys) have this type of postzygotic barrier.
What is Hybrid Infertility/Sterility.
The divergent evolution of the NZ parrot species Kea, Kaka, and Kakapo was largely due to these 2 factors.
What is geographic isolation and natural selection/selection pressures.