Immune System
Globular glycoproteins with quaternary structure that functions in humoral immunity
Antibodies
the tube-like structure that extends from the larynx to the bronchi; it allows movement of air into and out of the lungs
trachea
When all binding sites are bound to Oxygen, the haemoglobin is said to be...
Saturated
Disease-causing organism
Pathogen
When testing antibiotic effectiveness, we can look at the zone of inhibition. Describe this.
Distance on an agar plate which has no bacterial growth, around a sample of antibiotic.
Chemicals released by pathogens and body cells under attack, attract neutrophils.
Histamines
the tissue that prevents the collapse of airways in the trachea and bronchi
Cartilage
Also known as Hamburger Effect, this prevents the electrical imbalance between RBC and plasma during CO2 uptake.
Chloride shift
The genus of the mosquito vector of Malaria
Anopheles
Which process in bacterial growth is prevented by the presence of penicillin?
The increase in number of specific lymphocytes by mitosis during an immune response
Clonal expansion
Produce mucus made of mucin which traps pathogens, dust and others
Goblet cells
Changes in the oxygen dissociation curve as a result of carbon dioxide levels
Bohr Shift
The causative agent of Cholera
Vibrio cholerae
On which bacterial structure are resistant genes usually found?
Plasmids
T-helper cells secretes this signaling molecule to coordinate activity during immune responses
Cytokines
The cell that keeps the alveolus wall flexible as the lungs alternately stretch and deflate in breathing
Surfactant cell
It is described as the binding of first oxygen molecule results in a conformational change in the structure of the haemoglobin molecule, making it easier for each successive oxygen molecule to bind
Cooperative binding
This can occur as a result of compromised immune system due to AIDS
Opportunistic infections
Explain the process of antibiotic resistance development.
Natural selection.
Give at least 2 use of monoclonal antibodies
1. Making cancer cells visible to immune system
2. blocking growth of cancer cells
3. Preventing formation of blood vessels
4. delivering radiation to cancer cells
5. Pregnancy test
What is lowered by surfactant to prevent the walls of alveoli from sticking together during exhalation.
Surface Tension
When the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood is high, the haemoglobin's affinity to Oxygen reduces, what is the resulting graph of the oxygen dissociation curve?
Shifts to the Right
What needs to be broken to prevent the spread of infectious diseases?
Disease Transmission Cycle
The term used to refer pathogens that have developed multiple antibiotic resistance