The Nature of Travel and Tourism
3 Appeals of Packaged Tourism
One single cost makes it easier to purchase
Face to face interaction included for old people
Travel agencies have expertise and can give advice about a destination
Access to promotions and discounts
Often includes a guided tour and safety
Give three examples of indirect employment in the travel and tourism industry
Electrician
Decorator
Doctor
Car mechanic
Website designer
Give two examples of tourism responding to changing consumer needs and expectations
Accept any reasonable answer having something to do with travel and tourism agencies being responsible for responding to the changing attitudes and tastes of tourists
Give me the definition and an example of a commercial organization
For profit business in the tourism industry
Literally any example of a business related to tourism
3 Key differences between Scheduled and Chartered air flights
Scheduled - lower cost, fly out of commercial airports, increased likelihood of layovers
Chartered - direct flights, often more expensive, smaller airplanes, often used for group tours, flies out of smaller and more obscure airports
Identify 2 Appeals of a Coastal Destination located in the Caribbean
Warm weather during the fall and winter attracts snow birds
Water sport activities attract active tourists
Proximity to water and natural areas attracts natural tourists
A coastal destination can appeal to families with children as it's a child friendly activitiy
Explain two positive impacts of increasing employment in the travel and tourism industry for a country.
Higher Disposable Income
Increased GDP
Less Poverty
Anything reasonable accepted
How has growing income inequality affected the markets for tourism?
As wealth is increasingly concentrated into the hands of the top 1% in the western nations (USA, Western Europe), this has led to a proliferation of tourism activities marketed towards that 1% and a proliferation of budget activities designed for the 99%
Give me the definition and an example of a non commercial organization
An not for profit organization attempting to increase tourism rates and or sustainability
Looking for things like NTO, NGO, DMC, RTO, etc
Less Security hassle than flights
More luggage allowed on the ride - increased ability to work during the ride
Often have free wifi
Railway stations exist within city stations, meaning transport from city centre to city centre is easier
Suggest three general examples of the following type of tourism
Medical Tourism
Possible Examples
Traveling to Canada for cheaper pharmaceutical drugs
Traveling to a state with legal medical marijuana to treat mental health issues
Traveling to a different country to receive a surgery not approved in your country of origin
Explain two developments in transport which may increase visitor numbers to a tourist destination
New developments in long haul aircraft make it possible for more people to be carried which reduces the price and encourages people to travel
New planes are often faster encouraging people to travel as destinations are more accessible
Planes can now travel further and to many more destinations encourages more travel to new destinations
High speed trains are available so journey times are significantly shorter travel is more convenient/encourages the growth of short breaks
Identify and explain two technological factors that might affect tourist numbers
Social Media - increasing exposure of a country to other target markets
Improved transportation
Easier to book online
Increased number of virtual tours
Increased access to information via websites
Identify and explain the roles of an NTO
NTO - Non Commercial Organization, Affiliated with a government
Designate Areas for Tourism Development
Create rules and guidelines for tourism
Identify 4 types of accomodations (please on the test just use sleeping ones) and a the market for which they appeal
Options
Hotels - Generic hotel appeals to generic mass tourist family
Hostels - Appeals to younger individuals or people in very large groups
Bed and Breakfast - Appeals to couples interested in privacy
Campsites - Can appeal to families, natural tourists
Luxury Hotel Chains - High income individuals
Motels - Low income individuals or those traveling by car
If a destination has a high amount of VFR travel, what will their destination be more and less likely to offer?
More likely: Day long tourism activities (Zoos, Nice Restaurants, Clubs, Museums, Bars, Etc)
Less Likely: Multi Day Activities, Sleeping Accommodations
Identify three products or services a train company could offer to attract passengers.
Food and beverage - convenience
Free wifi - business people can work
Answer customer questions during the ride to make their trip easier
Customers can purchase goods on the train ride to save time
Identify and explain
Government Stability
Corruption
Security
Immigration Policy - Visas, Entry Limits, Etc
New Legislation
Hint: Crystal Pepsi
PLE - Using brand name to promote entirely new product
PD - Creating artificial differences between products to target different markets
Identify and explain 3 services a travel agent may provide
Information regarding accommodations and catering options
Maps
Ticket purchasing options
Access to guided tours
Answers to tourist questions
Recommendations
Explain two ways countries can overcome the problem of Seasonality
Offering inexpensive tickets during shoulder month periods to increase business
Create new and exciting experiences to draw in tourists during shoulder months
Increase the amount of marketing during shoulder months to increase exposure
Identify three likely reasons for the growth of specialised tourism.
People increasingly have paid holidays so they have both the time and money to be able to follow their interests
As people travel more they are looking for different things to do this encourages them to seek out different experiences so more holidays of this type are likely
Increasing accessibility to more destinations means that people find it easier to develop their interests
Better and cheaper transport means that people can follow their interests easily for example going to watch a football match in another country
Identify and explain 3 social factors which have encouraged the growth of leisure tourism
Possible factors
Increased paid time off
Decreased social taboo on days off
People are more adventurous now and will attempt to accomplish more on vacation
People are living longer, meaning there's an increase in grey market tourism
People have increased access to education about different attractions in the world
Changed family structures
Give me a definition and 3 examples of services a DMC provides
Destination Management Companies are local non commercial organization aimed at planning and managing local events and logistics
Help plan catering options
Entertainment options
Transportation options
Venue options
Advice
Large staff
Identify 5 types of "built attractions," and explain the market for which they appeal
Options
Zoos
Aquariums
Museums
Theaters
Castles
Gardens
Etc
Suggest 3 ways the problem of Intangibility can be managed by providers of Medical Tourism
Photographs of the potential drug and surgery options
Testimonials from previous customers regarding their experiences
A video walkthrough of a surgery being performed
Reviews posted on social media or a host website indicating a level of quality from the destination
Identify the difference between Horizontal and Vertical Integration
Horizontal - Two businesses merging to avoid competition
Vertical - Taking control of a supply chain in order to take out competition
Discuss the Economic Factors that have led to the growth of tourism
Higher Currency Exchange Rate
Increased GDP
Increased rates of Disposable Income
Slowed rates of Inflation
Identify 3 roles an LTO plays in the development of the travel and tourism industry
Providing employment and incomes
Assisting in development and planning of businesses
Giving support to suffering businesses
Assisting with funding
Encouraging the conservation of local skills and customs
Encouraging environmentally responsible behavior
Identify 4 types of food and beverage outlets and their appeal
Fast Food - low income, people on the go
Luxury Dining - high income, people looking for high quality amenities
Themed Dining - middle to high income, people looking for high quality atmosphere
Street Food - people looking for authentic experience
Ethnic Food - people looking for authentic experience from a specific ethnicity
Explain three ways the problem of perishability may be managed by travel and tourism organizations
Offer last second tickets to fill in any empty spots
Create flexible tickets so people aren't locked into coming at one time
Using computer booking systems so that demand is known in advance so you can boost marketing during slower periods
Offer new experiences during slow periods to ensure more tickets are sold
Give two reasons why most inbound tourists to Cuba are from MEDCs
Tourists from MEDCs have more money (1)
Tourists from MEDCs have paid holidays
Tourists from MEDCs have more time to travel
Many people in MEDCs retire earlier and want to take holidays
Cuba may have relaxed visa regulations for MEDCs, such as Canada
How has an increased demand for Sustainable Tourism affected destinations?
Increased options for recycling at destinations
Destinations transfering to more efficient forms of electricity (low flow toilets, solar power, etc)
New Laws compelling destinations to enforce hunting limits or protected zones
Give me a definition and 2 examples of consular services
A service provided for you in a different country by your home country
Replacing a lost or stolen passport
Transportation home in case of sickness or death
Shelter in times of political instability (embassy)
Identify and Explain the 5 Stages of Rostow's Model of Development
Traditional - Hunter gatherers, no technology, workforce is in primary sector
Pre Takeoff - Slight improvements in technology make primary sector jobs more automated = beginning shift into secondary sector
Takeoff - Majority of population in Secondary sector (manufacturing) because of primary sector automation.
Drive to Maturity - Secondary sector jobs begin automating/moving to other countries, labor begins moving into Tertiary sector (service jobs)
High Mass Consumption - Majority of jobs now in tertiary sector, population begins to decline, lots of tourism jobs