Concepts
State of being aware of a present moment
Mindfulness
An experiment that was conducted to support social learning theory
Bobo doll experiment
Individual differences is the risk of using this experimental design
Independent measures design
A link between two variables when one is responsible for the change in the other
Causal relationship
Author of Classical conditioning theory
Ivan Pavlov
Learning through the consequences of actions
Operant conditioning
Psychologist famous for his research on obedience
Stanley Milgram
Incorrect options or distractors presented alongside correct answers in a task
Foil
In descriptive statistics, this is the a measure of variability, calculated using the endpoints of the dataset.
Range
A physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival
Fight or flight response
An additional activity with a cognitive demand that we can perform at the same time as a main task
Concurrent task
Content of dreams in Dement and Kleitman and boy's life history in Saavedra and Silverman are example of
Qualitative data
a type of research design that aims to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between an intervention and an outcome, similar to a true experiment, but without random assignment of participants to treatment and control groups
Quasi-experiment
Type of illustration that is used to compare totals and means/medians/modes for discrete categories of data
Bar chart
A scientist who is famous for his controversial studies on maternal separation and social isolation
Harry Harlow
a stimulus that has become a reward through association with something inherently satisfying
Secondary positive reinforcer
The percentage of participants who went to the maximum voltage in Milgram’s baseline study
65%
A researcher starts a 2-year study with 120 participants, but only 85 remain at the end.What problem has occured?
Sample attrition
Cross-sectional
The psychological belief that individuals are in charge of their own outcomes, success, and failures, attributing them to their own actions, efforts, and choices
Internal locus of control
The idea that everybody is born without any mental content
Tabula rasa/blank slate
It occured due to questions in the test being too easy in one of the studies we covered in the Cognitive approach
Ceiling effect
A model that scientists use for the cost–benefit analysis for animal research
Bateson's cube
This is done when informed consent cannot be obtained from participants
Presumptive consent
the personality trait of being responsible, careful or diligent
Conscientiousness