Clinical Presentation
Bobby's focus on toy cars and trains is an example of:
What is hyper-fixation?
The most common single gene cause of Autism:
What is FMR1?
1/3rd of individuals with fragile X syndrome exhibit ASD symptoms
The age range ASD is typically diagnosed:
What is 12-24 months old?
This drug class can be used to treat symptoms of anxiety, depression, or repetitive behaviors:
What are SSRIs?
Occasionally, someone with ASD can also present with ____________, a neurological disorder consisting of abnormal brain activity, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior.
What is epilepsy?
Give an example of ritualized patterns of behavior
What is eating the same food every day?
Environmental factors that can "cause"/increase the risk of ASD include:
(List 3)
What are prenatal infections, drugs, alcohol, heavy metal exposure, advanced parental age, and low birth weight
The psychiatric measure used to diagnose ASD is:
What is the DSM-5?
Persistent impairments in communication and social interaction, greater than 2 repetitive and restricted interests, activities, and behavior, onset in early childhood, symptoms cause functional impairment and are not due to alternative diagnoses
The non-pharmalogical class of treatment for ASD that encourages positive behaviors and discourages negative behaviors:
What is Applied behavior analysis?
A child with ASD may also present with impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention, with impairment of social, occupational, and/or academic performance, which is characteristic of:
What is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
3 examples of deficits in social communication and interaction are:
What are: decreased eye contact, lack of facial expression, trouble understanding another’s point of view, difficulties with imaginative play with peers, high-pitched, robotic, or sing-song voice, difficulty with back-and-forth conversation, and trouble sharing emotions and interests
True or false: Most cases of ASD are associated with a known genetic mutation
What is false?
Only fifteen percent of ASD cases are associated with a known genetic mutation.
At the pediatrician's office, a child’s parent, guardian, or caregiver complete this true/false questionnaire:
What is Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F)?
* early screening tool
This type of ABA is highly recommended for children <5 years and <3 years of age:
What is Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI)?
The type of sleep disorder that is most common in those with ASD:
What is insomnia?
A child with ASD has adverse response to light, sound, or touch. They are _________ to sensory input.
What is hyperactive?
This gene is associated with autism, macrencephaly, impairments in social interactions and communication, repetitive behavior and, occasionally, epilepsy
What is PTEN?
A trained specialist uses four 30-minute, standardized testing modules to assess communication, social interaction, play, and imaginative use of materials in this diagnositc tool
What is Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)?
*help a clinician determine if a child meets DSM-5 criteria
**gold standard assessment
This type of non-pharmalogical treatment focuses on teaching verbal skills
What is Verbal behavior intervention (VBI)?
This GI issue is more common in people with ASD:
What is constipation?
A red flag for ASD presentation in children:
What is rapid deterioration of social or language skills during the first 2 years of life?
Neurotransmitter dysfunction can cause ASD by affecting developmental processes of the brain. The neurotransmitter abnormalities associated with ASD are:
What is decreased GABA, decreased glutamate, and increased serotonin?
The ages that children are screened for developmental delays in their well-child check-ups with a pediatrician
*hint there are 4
What are 9-, 18-, and 24- or 30-month well-child visits?
*our patient in the case was 30 months
This drug can be prescribed to children with symptoms of inattention:
What are stimulants? (ex. methylphenidate)
A 10-year-old girl is diagnosed with ASD and presents with notable repetitive hand flapping. What comorbid condition should be suspected?
What is Rett syndrome?
*most notable symptom is abnormal hand movements, such as repetitive rubbing or flapping