General Information
What is the prevalence of ASD?
1 in 59
Early indicators may be seen at what age?
9 - 12 months
The triad necessary for an ASD diagnosis using the __________ included ___,____, and ___
DSM-IV
impairments in:
1. social interaction
2. language & communication
3. repetitive & restricted &/or idiosyncratic behaviors
Who invented the word autism & what was his theory?
Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact (Leo Kanner)
At birth, structure and functioning of the brain is similar to neurotypical brains. (T/F)
True
What is the average age of diagnosis for ASD?
2 - 4 yo
Early indicators/warning signs include...
Lack of response to name
Lack of social smile
Poor mutual attention
Limited gestures
Poor imitation
Poor eye contact
Limited affective range (i.e. laughing)
Minimal engagement with others
Delayed language milestones
Name & explain the severity ratings included in the DSM-V diagnostic criteria for ASD.
Severity Level 1: requires support
automatically at this level when diagnosed
Severity Level 2: requires substantial support
Severity Level 3: requires very substantial support
List Intervention Structure Theories
For neurotypical adults....
connections are ______ & ______ is flexible
connections are balanced
processing is flexible
What is the highest cost for children with ASD?
Parents loss of productivity and special education services
At minimum, a comprehensive assessment involves what professionals?
psychologist/neuropsychologist
developmental pediatrician
SLP
Why is early diagnosis important?
Neuroplasticity – is at its highest in young children (early Dx = early intervention = greatest impact)
Transactional theory: Karmiloff-Smith – environment affects person & vice versa
In neurotypical brains....
our _________ allows for learning & identify _____ to make ______
In neurotypical brains....
our limbic system allows for learning & identify patterns to make predictions
What is the highest costs for adults with ASD?
residential care
At minimum, a comprehensive assessment involves what? (assessments?)
symptomology
cognitive testing
assessment of language
adaptive behavior
What are the differences between DSM-IV and DSM-V diagnostic criteria for ASD?
DSM-IV-TR (1994, 2000) Criteria for Autism, Asperger's, PDD-NOW as categorical diagnoses of PDD EDUCATIONAL
Triad: impairments in social interaction, language & communication, and impairments in repetitive and restricted and, or idiosyncratic behaviors
5 subtypes:
PPV-NOS (pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified)
Autistic disorder
Asperger's syndrome
Child Disintegrative Disorder (CDD) – chromosomal disorder (more girls; repetitive hand movements)
Rett’s disorder
Onset prior to the age of 3
DSM-V (2013) Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder; including also specifiers and severity levels
ASD Severity level does not have to do with severity of symptoms
Severity level = degree of support in core symptom area (you will have two severity levels ~ social comm. Level and another in repetitive/restrictive behaviors
Diagnosed? = at least level 1
Level has to do with the amount of support needed
Dyad: impairments in social interaction & behavior - language is a requirement but is a specifier
Associated specifier(s) = up to 15 co-occurring condition(s) (may accompany a dx of ASD)
Intellectual impairment
Language impairment
Known medical/genetic condition
Another neurodevelopmental, mental, or behavior disorder,
Catatonic
medical diagnosis
Minshew came up with this theory in the 90s.
Theory of complex information processing
What is the difference between the way neurotypical brains code experiences and the way brains with ASD code them?
brains w/ ASD code experiences in picture-based stories
neurotypical brains code experiences in language-based stories
An SLP's comprehensive assessment includes?
(doesn't include case hx/interview)
play sample, language sample, observe NC profile, prompting/R+
What is the SLP's role in the diagnostic team?
assessment of speech, language, and communication
What are the differences between medical and educational diagnoses of ASD?
Medical: diagnoses are provisioned according to DSM-V criterion
Educational (DSM-IV)
What are the Big 3 theories of Autism?
Theory of Central Coherence (Frith)
- Focus on the part with no understanding of how the part relates to the whole
Theory of Mind (Baron-Cohen)
- Can't take the perspective of others
- How other people understand how the mind works
Theory of Executive Functioning (Rodgers)
- Autism is the result of impairment of executive functioning
What changes in the brain development of those with ASD?