Exam 1
This genetic process is exemplified by pollen being blown to a new destination.
What is gene flow?
Consider a reversible reaction between A and B, A <-> B. At equilibrium, 77% of a solution is A. If we start with a mixture that contains 35% B, it will proceed spontaneously in this direction.
What is the left?
The ammonium ion crosses membranes in this process.
What is facilitated diffusion?
These enzymes unwinds DNA in transcription and DNA replication.
What is helicase (for DNA replication) and RNA Polymerase (for transcription)?
Parents of type AB and O blood types have a child. This is the likelihood of their child having type A blood.
What is 50%?
These are the 4(.5) causes of evolution (covered in the class).
What are gene flow, genetic drift, natural selection, and non-random mating? (the .5 is mutations)
Decreasing the length of the membrane lipids' fatty acid chains has this effect on membrane fluidity (@ body temperature).
What is increasing the fluidity?
Many hormones are proteins that are made and secreted by cells inside the body and are taken up
by nearby target cells. This is mechanism by which protein hormones most likely enter their
target cells?
What is (receptor mediated) endocytosis?
These types of bonds of must broken during the formation of a replication bubble in a DNA double helix.
What are Hydrogen bonds and Van Der Waals Interactions (sort of?, honestly H bonds more important)?
This is the anti-codon for the start codon in 5'-3' order.
What is 5'-CAU-3'?
This is the difference between paraphyletic and polyphyletic.
What is paraphyletic including the MRCA? (or some equivalent; paraphyletic is a parent and some but not all kids, polyphyletic excludes the parent)
What is cis-unsaturated < trans-unsaturated < saturated?
The image below shows a transmembrane protein in the membrane of the ER. This protein is a secretory protein whose ultimate destination is the plasma membrane. The region "A" will be exposed to this after the protein is embedded in the plasma membrane.
What is the extracellular region of the cell (or outside the cell)?
This type of DNA replication conserves one strand of the original (parental) DNA.
What is semiconservative replication?
A saline is added to blood, blood cells are approximately 0.9 percent saline. The saline solution is 0.4 percent saline. The blood cell has this relationship to the saline solution (with respect to solute saturation).
What is hypertonic?
This is the difference between homologies and synapomorphies.
What is synapomorphy being more specific and shared among all descendants of an included MRCA? (As in, trait 1 is a synapomorphy of A & B, if and only if A and B are the only species with it (i.e. there's no molecule C that also has the trait). If there is a separate trait 2 that A, B, and C all have it is a synapomorphy of A, B, & C, but only a homology of A & B.
The following segment (image) can create this many H-bonds to stabilize the beta strands of the protein.
What is 5?
Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Kreb cycle, and ETC take place in these locations.
What are (cytosol -> mito matrix -> mito matrix -> inner mito membrane)?
This is the strand will serve as a template for the synthesis of the lagging strand.
What is the top strand?
These are the phases when meiotic nondisjunction could occur.
What are Anaphases I & II?
Suppose 64% of a population has the phenotype of the dominant allele. Assuming H-W equilibrium, this is the frequency of the dominant allele.
What is 0.4?
The following molecule (image) represents this base.
What is Adenine?
Using 3 molecules of pyruvate would result in this number of NADH molecules from the Krebs Cycle.
What is 9?
This is was input into the third sheep used to make Dolly (the sheep from which Dolly came).
What is an egg cell from one sheep injected with DNA from somatic cell of another sheep?
Assume autosomal recessive and that III-1 is a carrier, this is the probability of III-1 & III-2 having an affected child in the following pedigree.
What is 2/3?