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Name 4 pathogen types
bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite
What is Asepsis?
Absence of pathogenic organisms
Primary infection control intervention
Hand hygieneeeeeee!
Separation and restriction of movement of ill persons with contagious disease is?
What is isolation
Any place where a microorganism can survive before moving to a place where it can multiply.
What is a reservoir?
What is a protective reaction that delivers fluid, blood products and nutrients to the injured area?
What is inflammation.
What is the difference between medical and surgical asepsis?
Medical reduces; surgical eliminates.
What would be (3) examples of a droplet spread disease?
meningitis, common cold, flu
Name PPE for droplet precautions
gloves, gown, mask, face shield or goggles (hair & shoe covers facility dependent)
What part of the chain describes how infectious agents are spread from person/place to another?
Means of transmission
Factors contributing to drug resistance organisms (DROs and MDROs) include
What is overprescribing antibiotics, use of inappropriate antibiotics and incomplete courses of antibiotics
key difference between sterilization and disinfection
sterilization= destruction of all microbes, including spores
disinfection= eliminates a lot...but not totally
A person who does not have a clinical presentation of pathogenic growth (infection), despite the presence of that microorganism
What is colonization?
Covid, tuberculosis and varicella require which isolation?
What is airborne precautions
The chain of infection 6 main components
What is source of infection, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry and susceptible host.
A patient is being admitted for obs with a fever and productive cough x 3 days. The nurse is about to hang ordered IV antibiotics, what should the nurse do before hanging the abx (think admitting diagnostics)
Draw blood culture sets
Name 3 considerations when establishing and maintaining a sterile field
1 in border, only touching sterile items if sterile gloved, dropping items in the center of the field, keeping the field at waist level, do not turn away from sterile field, etc.
Name 3 moments to perform hand hygiene
There are 5: before and after touching a patient, before a procedure, after fluid exposure risk, after touching patient surroundings
Transmission based precaution that is used for patients with known or suspected wound infection such as MRSA (methicillin reistant staphylococcus aureus).
What are contact precautions?
Name 3 factors of a susceptible host that increase risk of infection
Patients who are immunocompromised, ill, fatigued/stressed, increased age, have lines/tubes/devices, who have poor nutrition status
Name primary, secondary, and tertiary defenses of the human body
primary= skin, GI tract, mucous membranes
secondary= inflammation, elevated temp.
tertiary= Specialized WBCs, Lymphocytes
What are the major sites for HAI infection?
Surgical or traumatic wounds, urinary and respiratory tracts, and bloodstream
When are standard precautions used?
On every patient, regardless of their infection status. Any contact with blood, bodily fluid, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes.
What kind of mask must be worn when coming in contact with an airborne illness?
What is N-95 mask, PAPR
Name 3 body defenses that help fight infection
skin, mucous membranes, normal flora, inflammatory response, immune response.