Fluency
Refers to the readers expression and all of its components: timing, phrasing, intonantion, and rhythm.
What is prosody?
the smallest unit of sound in spoken words.
What is a phoneme?
• Delayed speech • Mixing up the sounds and syllables in long words • Chronic ear infections • Severe reactions to childhood illnesses • Constant confusion of left versus right • Late establishing a dominant hand • Difficulty learning to tie shoes • Trouble memorizing their address, phone number, or the alphabet • Can’t create words that rhyme
What are warning signs of dyslexia?
using the knowledge of the connections between graphemes (letters) and phonemes (sounds) to read a new word.
What is decoding?
using the knowledge of the connections between graphemes (letters) and phonemes (sounds) to read a new word.
What is decoding?
Moost commonly using a timed reading test. Errors are noted and subtracted from the # of words read.
What is..how is fluency assessed?
It is a subset of Phonological Awareness - the ability to recognize and manipulate individual phonemes* in spoken words.
What is phonemic awareness?
specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It affects a person's ability to read accurately and fluently, and is often associated with difficulties in phonological processing. Students with dyslexia may struggle with decoding, spelling, and word recognition, even when they have average or above-average intelligence and receive appropriate instruction.
What is dyslexia?
is valuable for reading multisyllabic words because it allows students to break words into smaller parts - but not all the way to the letter level.
What is syllabification?
After students learn to decode sound-by-sound and become proficient at reading one-syllable words, they need new strategies for reading multisyllabic words.
What is deconding?
Refers to the words correct per minute and accuracy score
What is oral reading fluency?
Explicitly and systematically address phonemic awareness.
Follow an efficient and effective routine, connecting phonemic awareness to alphabet letters as soon as children are able.
Respond to specific needs of children based on assessment results. But don’t expect mastery too early.
Support phonemic awareness with phonics and in real reading contexts.
What are the principles of phonemic awareness instruction?
Dyslexia can be diagnosed by a Licensed Psychologist (PhD) or Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP). Other professionals can diagnose if they have been properly trained in dyslexia and how to administer and interpret the appropriate standardized tests.
Teachers, schools, counselors, and family doctors CANNOT diagnose for dyslexia.
Who can assess or diagnose?
Using syllable information to recognize patterns in multisyllabic words
Using morphology-related strategies to read multisyllabic words
How to teach multisyllabic words?
Who is your favorite teacher?
Who is gisler?
Listening to the pitch, stress, and duration with which studnets read a connected text.
What is assesing prosody?
Rhyming
Segmenting
Blending
Isolating
Categorizing
Manipulating
What are phonemic awareness assessment pieces?
These include: difficulties with memory, reading, writing, oral communication and processing information.
What are some common struggles of a student with dsylexia?
the smallest unit of meaning in a word.
What is a morpheme?
two syllables that make one sound.
What is a vowel team?
identifying letter sounds, blending sounds together to read words, decoding and phonics instruction, multisyllabic word reading strategies
What are interventions for fluency?
Thanks to advances in MRI brain imaging and the convergence of the work of neurologists, speech and language pathologists, psychologists, and education experts we have a very comprehensive understanding of how the brain learns to read.
However, there is a substantial knowledge gap that exists between research and practice.
Why do we study phonemic awareness?
“I have some concerns about your child’s reading and spelling. Your child displays a lot of characteristics of dyslexia, and I would like to talk to you more about this.”
“I’m curious if you’ve ever considered that your child may have dyslexia?”
“Have previous teachers mentioned their concerns regarding your child’s reading and spelling development? What were their observations and/or recommendations?”
“I encourage you to do some research and investigation of your own regarding dyslexia. I have some reliable resources that I can share with you.”
What can you say to a parent?
There are two main approaches that research supports:
Using syllable information to recognize patterns in multisyllabic words
Using morphology-related strategies to read multisyllabic words
one vowel folloed by a consonant- the vowel is short.
what is a closed syllable?