Clash of Civilizations
What is one consequence of the Clash of Civilizations theory? Extra 100 points for explanation.
1. Kin-country syndrome
2. Fault line conflicts
3.States from different civilizations compete for world power
4. West vs. the Rest
The movement to return to the teachings and lifestyle of the earliest Muslims
Salafism
Name the three types of religious conflicts. Extra 100 points for explaining each one.
Religious identity conflict
Religious incompatibility conflict
Sectarian Conflict
Identify the strategy that can be used to incentivize peace between religious groups after conflict.
Appealing to shared values
Identify the criteria associated with the Global Peace Inex (GPI). (3 elements).
1. Safety and security
2. Domestic and international conflict
3. Degree of militarization
What differentiates one civilization from another? (Up to 5 possibilities)
1. History
2. Language
3. Culture
4. Tradition
5. Religion
What are the features of fundamentalism? (4 possible answers)
1. Scriptural literalism
2. Return to early traditions
3. Target moderates within their religion
4. Reaction to modern secularism
What makes religious wars different from other conflicts? (3 possible answers)
Issue indivisibility
Attracts International Support
Longer Time Horizons
Identify a feature of religion that can help to resolve conflict. (3 possible answers).
1. Organizational capacity
2. Behavioral Guidelines
3. Moral Authority
Degree to which people come together and participate in social organizations. Extra 100 points for explaining how it contributes to peace how it relates to religion
Social Capital
Above average membership -> lower GPI score -> more peacefulness
Religious social capital does not necessarily promoted by religious social capital
Name three reasons that support the clash of civilizations theory
1. Civilizational differences are fundamental
2. The world is getting smaller
3. Economic modernism
4. Excessive power of the West
5. Civilizational differences are not mutable
6. Economic regionalism
Give a reason to support the statement: “Fundamentalism is being undone from inside”
1. Groups are closed; can’t compromise
2. Followers get exposed to other ideas
3. Groups cannot provide enough opportunities
Identify the primary objectives of terrorism on either an individual or organizational level. Extra 100 points for both.
individual: kill, destroy, inspire fear
organizational: recruits, money, support
What 2 features of inter-group public service announcements affect how effective the overall message is in reducing religious bias? Extra 50 points for explaining the problems with both of these aspects.
The message content and the source of the message
problems: we cannot control what leaders say in PSAs, we also cannot control who is willing to deliver PSAs
Positive relationship
Not representative: a lot of countries, even ones that are not peaceful at all are very religious
Why do people say ”Islam has bloody borders”? Extra 100 points for explaining one reason.
1. Incompatible worldviews
2. Historical tensions
3. Geopolitical tensions
4. High population growth in the Muslim world
In this trial, a Dayton, Tennessee, high-school teacher, John T. Scopes, wad charged with violating state law by teaching Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. What are the formal and informal names of this trial, and how does it relate to religious fundamentalism?
- The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes, 1925
- Scopes Monkey Trial
- Evolution vs. rejection of evolution
Describe the relationship between religiosity and suicide terrorism.
hyper committed selves, divine time, altruistic ideals
Creating your own PSAs
Identify the three different inter-religious tactics used to foster political cooperation among religions. Extra 100 points for explaining each.
1. Ecumenical: relations between different Christian denominations
2. Interfaith: relations between Abrahamic faiths
3. Inter religious: relations between all religions
What are the three main critiques of the Clash of Civilizations theory? Who is the author we read that rejected Huntington‘s theory?
1. Not all civilizational differences suggest conflict, civilizations mix, converge, borrow, and change, and there are other factors that cause conflict between states
2. Author: Edward W. Said - “Clash of Ignorance”
Explain why membership in fundamentalist groups may be a good deal. (Extra 50 points for identification of key term)
Gratuitous costs
Higher payoffs in afterlife, barrier against half-hearted members, greater value to group activities
Describe the objectives and effectiveness of terrorism on a movement level.
Objectives: found a state, end occupation
Effectiveness: not effective
Identify the conclusions McCauley made after using Implicit Association Tests to measure religious bias. (3 possible answers). Extra 100 points for identifying all three.
1. Often, majority groups are more biased
2. Christians were in power for a long time, so Christians put trust in politicians
3. Muslims read scripture more, so they are open to scripture-based PSAs
Why is it important to develop ties at both the top and the bottom of religious groups in order to encourage political cooperation among religions?
Leaders can connect to leaders as well as the public.