Assessment
The clinical evaluation of a client’s disorder
Refers to the collection of data
Refers to the end result of studying and interpreting the data
Assessment
Appraisal
Diagnosis
Ability to produce the sound when given visual, auditory, & possibly kinesthetic cueing
Stimulability
What type of therapy?
Client is instructed how to position the articulators in such as way that a speech sound is produced in a manner that is considered WNL
Therapy progresses from one sound to the next
May use auditory discrimination tasks
Articulation (Traditional methods)
Provide three early sounds.
m n ng p b t d w
Identify the 3 components of behavioral objectives
Do statement
condition
criterion
Explain why we use screeners?
Decide wether there is merit further evaluation
Gives the clinician an initial impression of the client
Identify an advantage and disadvantage of articulation assessments
Advantages: relatively easy to give and score, results provide the clinician with a quantifiable list of “incorrect” sound productions in different word positions
Disadvantage: examines sound articulation in selected isolated words, do not give enough information about client’s phonological system
Describe the "traditional" order of articulation therapy and explain each stage.
Isolation
Nonsense syllables
Word
Phrase and sentences
Spontaneous
Chooses sounds that are very different
Maximal oppositions approach
Describe the difference between goals and objectives
Goals are long range targets and objectives are the short term targets.
Objectives are the skills that have to be achieved in order to reach the goal
Define Phonology
Relates to the rules, or patterns, of the sound system of the language
What do you need to think about when selecting an assessment?
Age
Developmental level
Tests ability
Articulation v. Phonology
Tests inclusion
What factors effect the complexity of a word?
Syllable number
Sound position
Syllable structure
Syllable stress
Coarticulation
Familiarity
Directly addresses the collapse of multiple phonemes
Multiple oppositions approach
Name and describe two things you can do beyond the articulation assessment
Stimulability Testing: Testing the client’s ability to produce a misarticulated sound in an appropriate manner when “stimulated” by the clinician
Auditory discrimination: typically done only with those clients who demonstrate a collapse of two or more phonemic contrasts into a single sound
Allows clinicians to determine whether or notclients can perceive the difference between sounds
Provide three differences between articulation and phonological disorders
Articulation: phonetic errors, problem –speech sound production, difficulty w/ speech sound form, disturbances in peripheral motor process of speech, speech sound difficulties don’t typically impact other aspects of language
Phonology: Phonemic errors, problems in language specific function of phonemes, difficulty with phoneme function, disturbance in understanding organization of phonemes in the language, and phoneme difficulties may impact other components of language
Define distribution of speech sounds, provide examples , and discuss most accurate categorization
Refers to where the norm and aberrant articulations occurred within a word
Initial, medial, and final
Prevocalic
Postvocalic
Intervocalic
What are the three types of Minimal Pair Contrast Therapy?
Minimal opposition contrast therapy
Maximal opposition contrast therapy
Multiple opposition contrast therapy
How do you select target sounds in phonological processes therapy?
Relative frequency of occurrence
Effect this process has on the client’s intelligibility
Age and phonological development of the child
Provide three differences between articulation and phonological intervention
Articulation:
Behavioral approach
Phonemes trained in steps of linguistic complexity
For mild – moderate disorders
Longitudinal
Phonological:
Treating error patterns, starting with the earliest developing pattern in error
Linguistic based
Focus on communication success
For moderate to severe disorders
Horizontal
Identify the core components of an assessment and explain each one.
Case history
Hearing screening
Oral mech exam
Language testing
Articulation testing
Speech/language sampling
Define intelligibility
Provide 3 things that influence intelligibility
Discuss the categories of severity
How well the child is understood by listeners
Number of errors, types of errors, consistency of errors, frequency of occurrence of error sounds in the language
85-100% = mild
65-85% =mild/moderate
50-65%= moderate/severe
<50%=severe
Describe when to use/ what types of clients to use these therapy types with
Minimal opposition contrast therapy
Maximal opposition contrast therapy
Multiple opposition contrast therapy
Minimal opposition contrast therapy:
For clients who primarily display phonemic substitutions and who are stimulable for the target sound
Maximal opposition contrast therapy:
For clients with moderate to severe phonological disorders
Multiple opposition contrast therapy:
Treatment of severe speech disorders in children
Children should definitely demonstrate a collapse of phonemic contrasts that incorporates several sounds
Write a goal and objective for a child who demonstrates fronting.
Goal: X will independently verbalize with 100% intelligibility during spontaneous speech.
Objective. X will verbalize k and g in initial position at the word level with 80% accuracy when provided with minimal prompts.
Identify and describe the major class features.
▫Vocalic
Differentiates vowels and liquids from stops, fricatives, affricates, nasals and [h]
▫Consonantal
Differentiates stops, fricatives, affricates, nasals, and liquids from vowels, glides, and [h]
▫Sonorant
Differentiates nasals, liquids, glides, and [h] from stops, fricatives, and affricates