Scientific Method
What is the first step of the scientific method?
Observation or identifying a problem.
What is the smallest particle of matter?
The atom.
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
Which scientist formulated the laws of motion?
Isaac Newton.
What is climate change?
The increase in global temperature due to greenhouse gases.
What is a hypothesis?
A proposed explanation that can be tested through experiments.
What are the three most common states of matter on Earth?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
Mention two differences between animal and plant cells.
Animal cells lack a cell wall and chloroplasts, while plant cells have them.
What does speed measure?
The relationship between distance traveled and time taken.
Which energy source is considered renewable: oil or solar energy?
Solar energy, because it is renewable.
Why is the control group important in an experiment?
It allows scientists to compare experimental results with normal conditions.
What type of change occurs when water boils: physical or chemical?
Physical change, since it does not alter the chemical composition.
What molecule stores genetic information?
DNA
How is an object's acceleration calculated?
Acceleration = (velocity) / time.
Mention one benefit and one risk of biotechnology.
Benefit: improved agriculture. Risk: environmental impact.
What is a dependent variable in an experiment?
The result that depends on the manipulated variables in the experiment.
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
An element is made up of only one type of atom, while a compound contains two or more types of atoms chemically bonded.
What is the process in which plants convert light into chemical energy called?
Photosynthesis.
What is the formula for Newton’s second law?
Force = mass × acceleration (F = m·a).
What is an ecological footprint?
It is a measure of human impact on the environment, considering resources and waste.
Explain the difference between a theory and a scientific law.
A theory is a well-supported explanation of phenomena, while a law is a mathematical or constant description of a phenomenon.
What does the Law of Conservation of Matter state?
Matter cannot be created or destroyed; it only changes form
Explain the relationship between metabolism and homeostasis.
Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions to obtain energy, and homeostasis is the maintenance of internal balance.
What does it mean that mechanical energy is conserved in the absence of friction?
It means that the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy in a closed system remains constant.
How does water pollution affect aquatic ecosystems?
Increases species mortality, disrupts food chains, and reduces biodiversity.