Assessment Processes
Disfluency
Index
Avoidance Behaviors
Stuttering
Cluttering
100

What are the five steps in an assessment? 

  • Gather History
  • Assessment
  • Orofacial Examination
  • Consider Speech, Language, and Voice
  • Determine Diagnosis and Recommendations
100

What are the two primary types? 

Stuttering and cluttering

100

What is an avoidance behavior considered? 

Avoidance is a learned response to unpleasant stimuli

100

What is stuttering known as?

Oldest known communicative disorder and the most common type of disfluency disorder

100

What can cluttering coexist with? 

stuttering or be present on its own

200

When is a further assessment indicated? 

When the client demonstrates reduced fluency or expresses significant concern

200

What is another word for silent pauses?


 Blocks

200

Are avoidance behaviors primary or secondary?

Both

200

What are secondary behaviors?

head nodding, eye blinking, foot tapping, throat clearing

200

How many characteristics are there? 

5

300

Assessment procedures include...


  • Screening
  • Standardized testing
  • Non-standardized testing
  • Speech sampling
  • Stimulability 
300

what are the most prevalent disfluency types?

Those less associated with stuttering

300

What are the two types of avoidance behaviors? 

- Reducing verbal output or not talking at all

- Relying on others to communicate for them

300

What age does Onset typically occur?


Before the age of 4

300

What are the characteristics? 

- Rapid or irregular speech rate that may seem like bursts of speech

- Atypical prosody

- Increased frequency of disfluency types less associated with stuttering, especially revisions and interjections

- Reduced awareness of the disorder

- Later diagnosis compared to stuttering.

400

What can be observed during a secondary behavioral assessment? 

Associated motor behaviors and physiologic responses

400

Name 3 types of disfluencies

  • Repetitions
  • Prolongations
  • Interjections
  • Silent pauses/ Blocks
  • Broken words
  • Incomplete phrases
  • Revisions
400

What is Circumlocutions?

word or phrase substitutions

400

What are avoidance behaviors?

sounds, words, people, speaking situations

400

Give me 2 conditions that indicate a cluttering diagnosis


  • The most prevalent disfluency types are those less associated with stuttering, such as revisions, interjections, and incomplete phrases.
  • Speaking rate is fast or irregular.
  • Coarticulation errors, especially in multisyllabic words, are prevalent in connected speech but improve dramatically at the word level or when speech rate is slowed.
  • Prosody is unnatural in spontaneous speech but improves dramatically when speech rate is slowed.
  • The client’s and/or parent’s degree of concern is significant.
500

What is an example of a fluency assessment? 

  • BAB: Behavior Assessment Battery for School-Age Children Who Stutter - Ages 6 to 15
  • KiddyCAT Communication Attitude Test for Preschool and Kindergarten Children Who Stutter - Ages 3 to 6
  • OASES: Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering - Self-report rating scales 
  • SSI–4: Stuttering Severity Instrument - Norm-referenced for children and adults 
  • TOCS: Test of Childhood Stuttering - Ages 4-12
  • PCI: Predictive Cluttering Inventory
500

What might a disfluency index not adequately reveal?

The severity of a fluency disorder.

500

Give me an example of an avoidance behavior?  

certain sounds, words, people, or speaking situations

500

Increased frequency of the following disfluency types:

  • Repetitions (Sound/syllable & whole-word)
  • Sound prolongations
  • Silent pauses (blocks)
  • Broken words
500

What was the story the little boy was trying to tell in the video?

Looking to find out if Seamonsters were real or not

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