Epidemics, Endemics, and Pandemics
A person in a population who has been identified as having a particular disease, disorder, injury, or condition
What is a case
An inanimate object capable of being a means of transmission
What is a fomite
What are direct and indirect transmission
Preventing a disease or disorder before it happens
What is primary prevention
An "outbreak" refers to an ___ that is confined to a localized geographic area
What is an epidemic
The first disease case in the population
Infectious organism in vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to humans
What is Zoonosis
Uninterrupted and immediate transfer of an infectious agent
What is direct transmission
The type of prevention that requires behavior change in the individual
What is active primary prevention
What is an endemic
An individual who has all the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition but has not been diagnosed with having the disease
The habitat in which an infectious agent lives, grows, and multiplies
Occurs when droplets or dust carry the pathogen to the host and cause infection
What is airborne transmission
Eating vitamin-enriched foods and drinking fluoridated water are examples of what type of prevention
What is passive primary prevention
Occurs when victims of a common source epidemic have person-to-person contact with others and spread the disease
What is a mixed epidemic
Set of criteria that ensures that cases are consistently diagnosed
What is the case definition
The type of carrier that has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen but has not become ill
Healthy carrier (also called passive carrier)
Air currents, dust particles, water, and food are means of what type of transmission
What is indirect transmission
The type of prevention that aims to block the progression of a disease or prevent an injury from developing into a disability
What is secondary prevention
A type of epidemic affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, or continent
What is a pandemic
The organism or substance such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, mold, or parasites that is capable of producing disease
What is a pathogen
The two types of human or animal reservoirs
What are symptomatic and asymptomatic
Occurs when the pathogen undergoes changes as part of its life cycle before being transmitted to the new host
Patient education, aftercare, health counseling, and some other aspects of health promotion play important roles in what
What is rehabilitation