A & P
What are the two main functions?
Exchange oxygen from the atmosphere for carbon dioxide waste
Maintain the acid-base balance in the body
What is the left lung?
Long narrower with 2 lobes and has a distinct indentation in its center, known as the cardiac notch, where the left ventricle of the heart is located and an apical pulse is heard.
Acute inflammatory process affecting the mucous membranes that line the nose, pharynx, larynx, and bronchus.
What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Group of diseases with the common characteristic of chronic airway obstruction
S/S: excessive daytime sleeping, persistently loud, disruptive snoring, choking or gasping sounds while asleep
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
What is an Expirations?
-brings oxygen to the lungs, where carbon dioxide exchange occurs in the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli
Divided into 3 lobes and has a greater volume capacity than the left long
What is Sinusitis?
Infection or an allergic reaction can cause one or more of the sinuses to become inflamed creating a feeling of pressure, nasal congestion, or rhinorrhea, and classic sinus headache.
What is Asthma
Inflammation and bronchospasm with resultant airflow obstruction, may become chronic
S/S: chronic cough, shortness of breath, and chest tightness
Lung Cancer
oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide at the cellular level
What are 3 requirements of normal airway respirations?
An open airway leading to the lungs
Ability of the lungs to expand rhythmically
Intact alveolar membranes
Coordination of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm
Proper action of the central nervous system’s respiratory control center
What is Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)
Caused by a reaction of nasal mucosa to an environmental allergen
What is Pneumoconioses caused by?
Most of these respiratory diseases are occupational, consequence of long-term exposure to unsafe air in the workplace.
S/S: dyspnea, cough, and emphysema-like changes; increased risk of lung cancer
Pneumoconioses
What is the function the upper respiratory tract?
Transports air from the atmosphere to the lungs
What is the function of the lower respiratory tract?
Expectorate mucus and foreign bodies that may contain pathogens
What Pneumonia caused by?
Caused by bacteria, viruses or other pathogens
What is Emphysema?
Progressive obstructive disease of the pulmonary system that is irreversible
S/S: high fever, chills, and general malaise
Pneumonia
what does the upper respiratory tract include?
Nose, throat, and larynx
What is in the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs
What is tuberculosis caused by?
Caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spread by droplets of sputum
What is obstructive sleep apnea?
Relaxation of the posterior pharynx muscles during sleep, causing the trachea to narrow or close, momentarily stopping breathing, interrupts sleep, causing fatigue.
S/S: nasal congestions, rhinorrhea, sneezing, watery eyes, sore throat, and coughing.
Common Cold