Drugs
Name a drug that is a leukotriene modifier. Bonus: Name the enzyme and/or receptor this drug inhibits.
What is montelukast? (zafirlukast or zileuton is also accepted) Bonus: What is CysLT1 Receptor Antagonists for montelukast & zafirlukast. What is a 5-Lipoxygenase inhibitor for zileuton?
This drug class activates the β2-receptors which increases intracellular cyclic-AMP (cAMP), leading to dilation of bronchial smooth muscle tissue
(bronchodilation) and subsequent relief of asthma symptoms. In addition, β receptor activation may improve mucociliary clearance (removal of mucus from the bronchial tissue).
What are β2-adrenergic agonists?
Name a maintenance medication for asthma.
What is Pulmicort Flexhaler? (several others can be listed as well)
Name a rescue medication used for asthma.
What is Proair? (Several others can be listed as well)
The Stepwise Approach for managing chronic asthma in patients aged 12 years or older involves __ steps.
What are the 6 steps?
A healthcare professional administers tezepelumab as a subcutaneous injection of 210 mg once every __ week(s).
What is every 4 weeks?
This drug class suppresses the generation of cytokines, recruitment of airway eosinophils, and the release of inflammatory mediators.
What are corticosteroids?
Name the 2 β2 -agonists that are dosed twice daily.
What is formoterol and salmeterol?
This is the preferred rescue medication for pregnant women.
What is albuterol?
Oropharyngeal candidiasis, dysphonia, reflex cough, and bronchospasm are the most significant adverse effects of this drug class.
What are inhaled corticosteroids?
All patients who are admitted to the hospital should receive _________ ______________.
What is systemic corticosteroids?
This drug selectively binds to IgE and prevents IgE from binding to receptors on mast cells and basophils, decreasing the release of inflammatory mediators.
What is Xolair (omalizumab)?
This is the preferred inhaled corticosteroid during pregnancy.
What is budesonide?
A short-acting inhaled β2-agonist is required for each step in the Stepwise Approach for Managing Chronic Asthma.
What is false?
Name 3 (broad) trigger factors that can exacerbate asthma.
What is environment, drugs, and exercise?
Name the 3 interleukin-5 (IL-5) antagonist monoclonal antibody products that function as an immunomodulator for the management of asthma.
What are benralizumab (Fasenra®), mepolizumab (Nucala®), and reslizumab (Cinqair®)?
This drug is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) signaling by specifically binding to the alpha subunit shared by the IL-4 and IL-13 receptor complexes; it inhibits IL-4 signaling via the Type I receptor and both IL-4 and IL-13 signaling through the Type II receptor.
What is dupilumab (Dupixent®)?
These 2 supplements are considered to reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
What is calcium and vitamin D?
All patients with acute asthma exacerbations require ____ therapy, which can be repeated every __ minutes or continuously to reverse airflow obstruction.
What is Short-Acting β2-Agonist (SABA) and every 20 minutes?
This β2-agonist has the longest half-life. Bonus: This is the half-life.
What is indacaterol or olodaterol? Bonus: What is 40-56 hrs for indacaterol or what is ~45 hrs for olodaterol?
This is a SMART (Single Maintenance And Reliever Therapy) medication.
What is budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort®) combination inhaler?
This drug is a human monoclonal antibody IgG2λ that binds to thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and blocks its interaction with the TSLP receptor. TSLP is a cytokine mainly derived from epithelial cells and occupies an upstream position in the asthma inflammatory cascade. Blocking TSLP reduces biomarkers and cytokines associated with inflammation, however, the mechanism of tezepelumab action in asthma is not definitive.
What is tezepelumab-ekko (Tezspire®)?
β2 -β2-agonists with a large _____________ have a longer duration of action because it is more difficult for the body to eliminate the drugs from the relatively polar bronchial tissue once they have distributed there.
What is a log P value?
Racemic epinephrine is a nonselective adrenergic agonist that can lead to peripheral vasoconstriction, positive chronotropic, and positive inotropic effects, ultimately increasing the risk of _____________ _______ in some patients. The prescription short-acting β2-agonists are safer and preferred over racemic epinephrine.
What is cardiovascular disease?
Theophylline is a narrow-therapeutic index drug with a therapeutic range of ______________.
What is 5 to 15 mcg/mL?