Risk Factors
Treatment
Diagnosis, Pharmocology and Pulmonary Function
Intro/Pathophysiology
ACSM Exercise Prescription
100
What is the most potent risk factor for asthma and how much does it increase your chance of developing asthma?
Allergies, can increase up to 3X
100
What is the first line of treatment for asthma attacks?
Systemic corticosteroids or SABA
100
What are the three components of a diagnosis?
1) Comprehensive medical history 2) Physical examination 3) Assessment of lung functions
100
Approximately how many people suffer from asthma worldwide?
300 million
100
Name one way to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
1) Use short-acting bronchodilators (i.e., β2 -agonists) before/after exercise 2) Avoid exercising in cold environments 3) Avoid exercising in environments with airborne allergens or pollutants 4) Avoid prolonged exercise durations or high intensity exercise sessions
200
What is suggested for obese patients with asthma due to its impact in improving the lung functions?
Weight loss
200
What is Step 3 of the stepwise approach?
Medium dose ICS or low dose ICS + LABA
200
Which pharmacological agents treat bronchoconstriction by blocking acetylcholine action thereby relaxing the smooth muscles of the airways?
Anticholinergic Agents
200
Approximately how many annual asthma-related deaths are there worldwide?
250,000
200
What is the recommended time and frequency of aerobic exercise for an individual with asthma?
At least 20-30 mins/day for at least 2-3 days/week
300
What are the two measures of air pollution that may be associated with the development of asthma?
Particulate matter and nitrogen oxide
300
Name 2 long-term control drugs.
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), combination of LABAs with ICSs, leukotriene modifiers (LTMs), anti-IgE therapy, methylxanthines, and oral corticosteroids
300
How can "asthma mimics," like vascular anomalies and lung cancer, complicate the diagnosis of asthma?
They display similar results when testing via Imaging.
300
How recently was asthma acknowledged as a public health problem?
4 decades ago
300
What are 3 exercise-related benefits for an individual with asthma?
1) increased CRF and work capacity 2) decreased exertional dyspnea with little or no effect on resting pulmonary function 3) reduce airway inflammation, severity of asthma, number of days with symptoms, number of visits to the emergency department, and symptoms of anxiety and depression 4) improve health-related quality of life
400
What viral infection during infancy increases the risk of asthma by more than 4-fold?
Respiratory syncytial virus
400
Name 4 key features to achieve asthma control.
Patient education, inhaler use, follow-up plan and compliance monitoring
400
What category of asthma medication does Leukotriene Modifiers (LTMs) fall under?
Long-Term Control
400
What are some of the sub-groups in the United States of America that have a higher prevalence of asthma?
Puerto Rican heritage, black non-Hispanic, and those living under the poverty line
400
What are the effects of deconditioning on an individual with asthma?
1) Asthma symptoms are more easily triggered by less intense physical activity and 2) the individual will have a lower exercise tolerance
500
Occupational asthma can be induced in two ways. List the two ways and give an example of each.
Immunologically by a sensitizer - animal allergens, plants and insects Nonimmunologically by an irritant - high concentration of gas, fume or dust
500
____ and ____ have been lowered by approximately 50% due to inhaled corticosteroids compared to placebo or SABA alone.
Asthma exacerbations and asthma-related hospitalizations
500
What are the two types of Challenge Testing discussed in the article and which one is recommended for those with lifesaving jobs?
Methacholine and Exercise Challenge Testing. Exercise challenge testing is recommended for those with lifesaving jobs.
500
What are 2 examples of both allergic and nonallergic asthma triggers?
Allergic: pollen, animals Nonallergic: cold air, smoke
500
How should individuals with asthma progress after their first month of exercise?
After the first month, if the Ex Rx is well tolerated, greater health/fitness benefits may be gained by increasing the intensity to approximately 70% VO2peak, the time of each exercise session to 40 min/day and frequency to 5 days/week
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