Radiation Laws
If the Sun were 3x farther away (a.k.a. 3 AU away), how many times dimmer would it appear from Earth?
100x dimmer.
What object has the brightest apparent magnitude in the sky?
The Sun.
What method of measuring stellar distances relies primarily on geometry?
Triangulation/The parallax method.
What is the Sun's spectral type?
G2.
Which star on the diagram is the hottest?
Star 1.
Planck's Law: Which star gives off more red light? A red star, or a blue star?
The blue star gives off more red light.
Star A has a magnitude of -1, and Star B has a magnitude of 4. Which star is dimmer?
Star B is dimmer.
What do we call this equation? (Nick, use your prop)
The Distance Modulus.
What is the second-hottest spectral type of star?
B-type stars.
What do we call the region labeled A on the diagram?
The Main Sequence.
Planck's Law: Between a sun-like star and a smaller, cooler red dwarf, which one gives off more red light?
The sun-like star.
If Star A has an absolute magnitude of 5, and Star B has an absolute magnitude of 10, how much brighter/dimmer is Star A than Star B?
Star A is 100x brighter than Star B.
Who was it that discovered that a Cepheid variable star's period was proportional to its luminosity?
Henrietta Leavitt.
Which Harvard computer came up with the letter-scheme we still use for spectral classification?
Annie Jump Cannon.
In what region do we find stars that are hot and white, but somehow also relatively dim?
Region D... these are the white dwarfs!
Stefan-Boltzmann Law: What are the two properties of a star that determine its luminosity?
Its temperature and its surface area.
What is the dimmest apparent magnitude that we can see with the naked eye (in perfect conditions)?
Apparent magnitude of 6.
Using Henrietta Leavitt's period-luminosity relation for Cepheid variable stars, Edwin Hubble calculated the distance of a particular object to be much farther than we would have ever imagined, and discovered that the entire universe stretched far beyond the Milky Way. What was the name of that object?
Andromeda Nebula (a.k.a. Andromeda Galaxy!)
What color would a M8 star be?
Reddish.
Which two stars are supergiants?
Stars 5 and 6.
Daily Double...well, for an additional 100 points: How can a cooler star like star 5 be as bright as star 6?
Wien's Law: What can you say about the surface temperature of Star A if its peak wavelength is redder than Star B's?
Star A's surface temperature is cooler than Star B's.
Who came up with the magnitude scale?
Hipparchus.
Measured in arcseconds, what would the parallax angle of a star be if it was one parsec away?
1 arcsecond.
What pneumonic device do YOU use to remember the order of the stellar spectral sequence?
O B A F G K M
Okay, but actually, farmers grow killer marionberries.
Which two stars share a spectral type?
Stars 2 and 4.
Daily Double...well, for an additional 100 points: How can star 4 be brighter than star 2 if they are the same temperature?