Vocabulary
when a planet is farthest from the sun
What is aphelion?
Name the Sun's layers forom the inside to the outside
What are the core, radiative zone, convective zone, photosphere, chromosphere, and corona?
This model explains how the solar system formed.
What is the Nebular Hypothesis?
Kepler's 1st law states that planets orbit the sun in this shape.
What is an ellipse?
The heavy elements that accreted to form the rocky planets came from here.
What are stars that exploded before the solar system began forming?
These condense outside the frost line.
What are hydrogen compounds?
transfers heat through the movement of electromagnetic waves
What is radiation?
These are caused by magnetic loops coming through the Sun's surface.
What are sunspots?
This model explains how planets form.
What is the Accretion Model?
Kepler's 2nd Law, that planets move faster when they are closer to the sun and slower when they are further away, describes this aspect of planetary motion.
What is speed?
The conditions that best account for why the inner planets are made from rock and metal.
What is the temperature of the sun, the planets' distance from the sun, and the melting point of gases?
This most likely caused Venus's retrograde rotation and Uranus's tilted axis.
What is one or more impacts from large objects?
when a planet is closest to the sun
What is perihelion?
These cause the corona to heat up, are created from fast-moving charged gas, and result from the ionization of atoms in a plasma.
What are magnetic fields on the Sun?
This is the most abundant element in the solar system.
What is hydrogen?
This is Kepler's 3rd Law.
What is "the farther away a planet is from the sun, the larger its orbit"?
These condense inside the frost line.
What are rocks and metals?
Comets originate here.
What is the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud?
transfers heat when hotter materials rise and colder, denser materials sink
What is conduction?
Moons form in these three ways.
What is
asteroids that get caught in a planet's gravity
form when the planet does
form from the debris of an asteroid impact
Order these steps for how the solar system formed.
A. Planets begin to form.
B. Nuclear fusion starts.
C. A solar nebula spins in space.
D. Gas and dust are blown away by solar radiation.
E. Planetesimals form.
F. A protosun forms.
What is C, F, E, A, B, D
According to Newton's first law, an object remains at rest or moves in a straight line unless acted upon by this.
What is force?
The four inner planets from the sun out.
This is the coldest object in the solar system.
What is Triton, a moon of Neptune?
the mass in motion of a system is constant if there are no outside forces acting on the system
What is Conservation of Momentum?
A model that shows that the planets orbit the sun in circular paths
What is the Copernican revolution?
True or false> If false, correct the statement.
Planets orbit the sun in different directions.
What is false? Planets orbit the sun in the same direction.
According to Newton's first law, an object in motion remains in motion because of the conservation of this.
What is momentum?
The asteroid belt and frost line ar located between these two planets.
What are Mars and Jupiter?
True or false? Most of the outer planets emit more heat into space than they absorb from the sun.
What is true?
the measure of the amount of particles in an amount of space
What is density?
the best time to view comets
What is when they are closest to the sun?
This scientist explained how planetary motion works.
Who was Kepler?
This is Newton's 2nd law.
What is force = mass x acceleration?
This makes Venus the hottest planet in the solar system.
What is a thick layer of carbon dioxide in its atmosphere?
Name the four outer planets from closest to the sun to farthest.
What are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
one turn around an axis
What is a rotation?
This causes planets and moons to shine
What is albedo?
This scientist's laws explained why planetary motion works.
Who was Newton?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What is Newton's 3rd law of motion?
Venus has this type of rotation.
What is retrograde rotation?
This is the reason Pluto is a dwarf planet and not a planet.
What is its mass and gravity are not enough to push debris out of its path or absorb it?
moving from a gaseous state to a liquid state
What is condensation?
This moon of Jupiter is covered in water.
What is Europa?
Pluto is a dwarf planet rather than a planet because of this.
What is its lack of a big enough mass to draw in or sweep up other objects in its orbit?
In 1916, this scientist's general theory of relativity explained the orbit of Mercury.
Whao is Albert Einstein?
The inner planets all have this kind of surface.
What is rocky?
What is solid?
This is located between Neptune and the Oort Cloud.
What is the Kuiper Belt?