Earth and the Moon
This is the process by which heavier materials sink to the bottom and lighter materials are displaced to the top of some volume.
What is differentiation?
Mercury has many visible impact craters due to a lack of this.
What is erosion?
This planet was discovered not by eye, but by mathematics!
What is Neptune?
This gas, unusually, takes on a liquid state within the gas giants.
What is hydrogen?
This is the largest moon in the Solar system.
What is Ganymede?
This layer has three times the amount of water as the surface of Earth, although present in a different form.
Mars's Tharsis bulge consists of many volcanoes, most famously Olympus Mons. A lack of what on Mars allowed Olympus Mons to grow so tall?
What are plate tectonics?
This is the time of year for Saturn when its rings become virtually invisible to us.
What is equinox?
The inhomogeneous layers of Saturn and Jupiter largely consist of this element.
What is helium?
This moon is even more volcanically active than than the most volcanically active planet in the Solar system.
What is Io?
The Earth is able to generate a strong magnetic field because of this aspect of its core. This effect is known as this.
What is a liquid core? What is dynamo?
This is the cause of hot spots on celestial bodies, from which volcanoes may emerge.
What are mantle plumes?
These are the characteristics of an anticyclone. This large storm is an example.
What is a high pressure system that runs counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere as viewed from above? What is the Great Red Spot?
Much of Uranus and Neptune are formed of this material and consistency.
What is ice slurry?
Both of these moons have atmospheres, though one is more Earth-like than the other.
What are Ganymede and Titan?
The near side of the Moon has many dark spots due to this phenomenon.
What are tidal forces?
This is the driving force behind plate tectonics.
What is convection in the aesthenosphere?
This ice is primarily responsible for the color of these twin planets.
What is methane?
Jupiter's magnetic field is very strong due to this aspect of itself.
What is its fast rotation inducing a stronger dynamo effect?
This moon has cryogenic volcanism and potentially a subsurface ocean, and its plumes are responsible for creating the outermost ring of Saturn.
What is Enceladus?
We know that the Earth has a liquid core because of this type of wave caused by earthquakes.
What are p-waves, or longitudinal waves?
This zone appears at converging plates, due to oceanic plates being denser than another plate.
What is a subduction zone?
Rank these ices from lowest to highest freezing point.
Ammonia Hydrosulfide
Water
Methane
Ammonia
What is
Water
Ammonia Hydrosulfide
Ammonia
Methane
This is a high temperature, low heat area directly caused by magnetic properties of Jupiter, which makes it very difficult for human electronics to orbit the planet.
What are radiation belts?
This moon is a likely candidate for a habitable subsurface ocean, and has the smoothest surface of any celestial body in the Solar system.
What is Europa?