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What did 99.8% of the matter in the solar system become?
The sun
Define the Big Bang Theory. When did it happen?
Universe formed as a concentration of matter roughly 13.1 billion years ago.
How long would a star like our sun stay on the main sequence?
10 billion years
What color are the hottest stars?
blue
Order of the 8 planets
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Smallest planet? Largest planet?
What is red shift?
Light waves lengthen causing shift in spectrum to red. Shows galaxies are moving away from us.
How do we determine the surface temperature of a star?
The star's color
How do scientists determine which elements make up a star?
By studying the spectra of known elements to match the spectra of the star. SEE TEST FOR EXAMPLE
What happens to the light from a star moving away from us?
It appears more red.
What does the H-R diagram tells us about a star?
The stage in its life cycle.
Define Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.
Microwave radiation that fills all the space in the observable universe.
What does the red shift tell us about our universe that can provide evidence for the Big Bang?
The universe is expanding
What are the 2 main factors that influence the force of gravity?
Mass and distance.
What does a star need to become a black hole?
Extremely high mass
Name the Terrestrial planets.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
What is NOT good evidence for the Big Bang Theory and why?
Blue shift, because waves are moving closer.
4 pieces of evidence for the Big Bang Theory
red shift of galaxies, expansion of the universe (hubble's law), background radiation, composition of universe (hydrogen H and helium He)
What color are the coolest stars?
Red
How are the first 4 planets different from the last 4?
First 4 are rocky and smaller. Last 4 are gas and larger.
Order largest to smallest: moon, solar system, planet, universe, sun
universe, solar system, sun, planet, moon
Correct formation order for a massive star: main sequence, protostar, black hole, supergiant, nebula, supernova
Nebula, Protostar, Main Sequence, Supergiant, Supernova, Black Hole
Describe the process that makes energy in a main sequence star. Which 2 elements are typically involved?
Fusion, lots of energy released, hydrogen -> helium
How did our solar system form?
Cloud of gas and dust collapsed in on itself, hydrogen fused to helium in nuclear fusion, sun was born of 99.8% of matter, clumps left behind became planets, moons, etc.
Correct formation order for star like our sun: main sequence, planetary nebula, protostar, red giant, nebula, white dwarf
Nebula, Protostar, Main Sequence, Red Giant, Planetary Nebula, White Dwarf