History of Astronomy
This theory, claiming that the Earth is at the center of the universe and all celestial objects orbit around it, was formalized by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy.
What is "the geocentric model"
Our sun is an example of this kind of star
Average mass, main-sequence
The spinning of a celestial object around its own axis
What is "rotation"
The name of the shape that describes an objects orbit
What is "ellipse"
This is a vast collection of stars, gas, and dust
A galaxy!
Why did ancient civilizations study astronomy?
What is "accurate timekeeping, agriculture, navigation, religion"
A star that is incredibly hot and incredibly bright would be located where on the HR diagram?
Top left!
Lines that measure degrees north and south of the Equator
What are "lines of latitude"
This term refers to a planets closest point to the sun
What is "perihelion"
Most galaxies have how many stars
100 billion - 400 billion
Ancient astronomers often observed this date as an end of the growing season, a time to prepare for the harvest of their crops
What is "summer solstice"
This process powers a star
Nuclear fusion!
The spinning of an object around another object in space
What is "revolution"
This term refers to a planets farthest point from the sun
What is "aphelion"
The Milky Way is this type of galaxy
Barred Spiral Galaxy
This structure, found in England, was built in ancient times to align with celestial events such as the Summer solstice
What is "Stonehenge"
This diagram compares a stars temperature to its luminosity
H-R Diagram!
Earths axial tilt is measured in how many degrees
What is "23.4 degrees"
This law states that planets sweep out equal areas of space in equal time (the closer a planet is to the sun, the faster it moves. The farther away, the slower)
What is "Kepler's second law"
Most astronomers agree that the universe is _______________ throughout time
Expanding/growing
This Polish astronomer’s work in the 16th century challenged the geocentric view with a comprehensive heliocentric theory, marking a major shift in our understanding of the cosmos.
Who is "Copernicus"
List the phases of a very high mass star in order from youngest to oldest
Nebula, protostar, main-sequence star, red supergiant, supernova, blackhole
These two phenomena are responsible for Earth's seasons (remember, summer in the Northern hemisphere is winter in the Southern hemisphere)
What are "Revolution and axial tilt"
This equation, used to calculate a planets orbital period or its distance from its orbiting body, is a part of Kepler's Third Law
What is "a^2 = r^3"
A galaxy is moving away from us. This means its light is likely going to be ____ ___________ (two words).
Red-shifted!