Composition of the Universe
What is the smallest unit of measurement in space?
the Astronomical Unit (AU)
Why can the gas giants not exist before the Frost line?
It is too hot for He and H to exist as a liquid.
What is the distance between two crests in a wave called?
wavelength
What is the force that causes the universe to expand?
Dark energy
7 X 3.26 = 22.82 Light-years
What is the largest unit of measurement in space?
Parsec
Which planets are the gas giants?
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
What happens to the pitch of a sound as wavelengths get smaller?
the pitch goes up
What is the equation for Kepler's Third Law?
P3=R2
P= orbital period
R= orbital radius
There are 63,241.1 AUs in a Light-year. How many Light-years are in 200,406,583 AUs?
3, 168.92 Light-years
What are the two factors that affect gravity?
the mass of an object and the nearness of an object.
True or False: All of the terrestrial planets have an atmosphere surrounding them?
True
Due to the Doppler Effect, what happens to light as it moves closer to the observer or further from the observer?
it turns blue as it gets closer and red as it gets further away
What do we call the theory about the start of the Solar System? (cloud of dust orbiting until it creates large objects with mass)
Nebular Theory
There are 93,000,000 miles in one AU. How many AU are in 50,000,000,000 miles?
537.63 AUs
The Law of the Masses
Name all of the planets of the solar system IN ORDER from CLOSEST to the Sun to Farthest.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (Pluto)
Both the Big Bang Theory and Steady State Theory state that the universe expands. How do they differ?
The Steady State Theory states that new matter is made from empty space and the density is constant.
The Big Bang Theory states that all matter was created in an instant and that the universe becomes less dense as it expands.
What is the difference between laws and theories?
Laws describe the patterns we observe while theories explain the patterns.
If a planet is 5 AUs away from its star, how long will it take to complete one orbit?
P2 = R3
P = Period (time)
R = Radius (distance)
P = 11.18 years
What is the law that states that as objects get further away, their gravitational pull decreases?
The Inverse-Square Law
What did the solar system start out as (step one in solar system formation)?
A large cloud of atoms and molecules in space.
How can we use the Doppler Effect as evidence that the universe is expanding?
Redshifting is evidence that the universe is expanding because it shows that galaxies are moving further away from each other.
What do we call planets that orbit stars outside of our solar system?
extra-solar planets
If a planet orbits its star in 56 years, how many AU's is it away from its star?
P2 = R3
P = Period (time)
R = Radius (distance)
14.64 AUs= R