This plane bisects the body from front to back, dividing it into right and left halves
What is the sagittal plane?
100
A system described as Axis-Resistance-Force is defined as this type of lever.
What is a second class lever?
100
This occurs when repetitive forces continue to cause microdamage more frequent than the rate of bone remodeling.
What is a stress fracture?
100
The tooth embedded in the mandible is an example of this type of joint.
What is synarthrosis?
100
Solve the equation: (# of phalanges in the 1st toe + # of phalanges in the 2nd toe)/# of metatarsals in the foot
What is 1?
200
This axis runs from side to side and at a right angle to sagittal plane
What is the frontal axis?
200
Most levers in the human body are this type of lever system.
What is third class levers?
200
On Sunday, your instructor will be running a half marathon and utilizing this type of skeletal muscle fibers.
What is slow-twitch oxidative fibers?
200
Supination involves movement within the subtalar and talocrural joint. Name all 3 movements of supination.
What is inversion, adduction, and plantar flexion?
200
Dancers are susceptible to this condition due to repetitive plie moves (feet turned out, knee flexion with deep dorsiflexion).
What is anterior impingement or exostosis?
300
In the foot/ankle, abduction and adduction move in this plane.
What is the horizontal plane of the foot/ankle?
300
During elbow flexion, this term represents the distance between the axis and insertion of the biceps tendon.
What is the internal moment arm?
300
This category of bones improves mechanical advantage, and list two locations in the body.
What is sesamoid bones, patella, and under 1st MT head?
300
Diarthroses joints contain 7 of these elements. (Name 4)
What is synovial fluid, articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, capsular ligaments, blood vessels, and sensory nerves?
300
During extreme plantar flexion, this ligament is stretched AND the movement (plantar flexion) occurs around this axis.
What is anterior talofibular ligament and frontal axis?
400
In the subtalar joint, inversion and eversion occur around this axis.
What is the sagittal axis?
400
In a first class lever system, this describes the location of the axis when producing speed and displacement.
What is close to the force?
400
Long bones are able to absorb/resist the most force from this type of load.
(Don't forget to look at the stress-strain curve)
What is a longitudinal load?
400
An athlete with an injured meniscus (cartilage) may need surgery to repair or excise the torn piece. This is due to a principle related to articular cartilage and lack of this structure.
What is due to avascularity and no perichondrium?
400
A person with flexible pes planus may be experiencing a dysfunction of these active and passive supports.
What is tibialis posterior (active), plantar fascia (#1 passive), and plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (#2 passive)?
500
Due to these anatomical differences, there is a 10 degree tilt in the frontal plane of the talocrural joint.
What is the positioning of the malleoli and the shape of the talus.
500
If the IMA = 2cm, EMA = 24cm, and the EW = 20 pounds, this value is the mechanical advantage.
What is 1/12 or 0.08?
500
At heel contact with the ground, the soleus contributes to control the foot by this type of contraction. (Clinical Connection)
What is an eccentric contraction?
500
A dancer sustained an ankle injury and needs assistance in regaining plantar flexion. Referencing the concave-convex rule, these arthrokinematic motions and directions of the talus (on a stabilized tibia) must occur.
What is anterior slide and posterior roll?
500
This positioning of the fibula is observed in patients with chronic ankle instability.