Mutations
What is a mutation that is due to random error called
Spontaneous Mutations
Disease name that is wasting leg/arm muscles
Duchenne Muscular dystrophy
How migration facilitates gene flow
people more from one pop to another. Breeding with local pop. introducing new alleles and frequencies.
Compare Phenotype or Genotype
Pheno - Physical Characteristic
Geno - Allele combo
Define genetic drift
random change in allele frequency between generations
gene / chromosomal / somatic / germinal / point
Cystic Fibrosis happens on Chromosome ___. is the code for 1480 _______ that mkae up proteins that regulate ___________ across the cell membrane.
7
amino acids
chloride ions
Explain how a geographical barrier affects gene flow
less affective now as transportation is so much more efficient. Isolated individuals in one area, not sharing alleles.
What is the sequence
1) Favourable traits passed on to next gen
2) Variation in species
3) Gene Pool change - more fav alleles increases
4) Struggle for existence
5) Survival of the Fittest
2 - 4 - 5 - 1 - 3
Other names for genetic Drift
random genetic drift
Sewall Wright effect
Define Mutagen and give 3 examples
agents that increases rate of mutations.
Radiation/UV light/X-ray/cosmic rays
Explain trisomy 21
result from non-disjunction. failure of one or more chromatids separates in second division
edu background/religion/social position/economic statues
Explain selective agent and give an example
Environmental factor acting on population.
Predators/Competition/Diseases/Climate/Weather/Geograph/Chemicals
Small groups move away from the parent Population. Not giving a true rep of the whole population.
Founder effect
Explain the changes to a nucleotide
Inserted/Substituted/Deleted/inversion/translocation/non-disjunction
Explain Monosomy
Missing a chromosome - several malformations and is carriages.
Explain why variation is crucial for natural selection
Natural selection can not occur without Variation. Some traits are better suited and are passed down.
Explain Bottleneck effect
An event leaves only small number of parent population
What does lethal recessive mean
cause death of embryo or foetus/ or early death in child
Steps involving Speciation
V-I-S-S
Variation
Isolation
Selection
Speciation