General
The Greeks' name for a city-state, a city that functions as its own country
What is a polis?
The body of water to the east of mainland Greece
What is the Aegean Sea?
The part of Athenian government to which Cleisthenes gave the power to make laws
What is the assembly?
A high, rocky hill on or near which early Greek people built their cities
What is an acropolis?
The massive empire that invaded Greece in 490 and again in 480 bce
What is Persia?
The name of the government type that is ruled by elites
What is an oligarchy?
The two primary exports of ancient Greece
What were wine and olive oil?
The Athenian aristocrat known for establishing a harsh law code
Who is Draco?
These five Spartan government officials were in charge of things like education and foreign policy
What are ephors?
The Athenian official who took charge when war broke out with Sparta
Who is Pericles?
The name given to popular leaders who overthrew the aristocrats in the name of the common people
What is tyrant?
This large peninsula at the southern tip of Greece was home to Sparta
What is the Peloponnese?
Solon's two-part solution to the problem of debt
What is canceling all debts and ending debt slavery?
This word, meaning marketplace, is the name given to the area that was the center of activity in ancient Greek cities
What is the agora?
The battle in which Athens led an alliance of Greek city-states to victory over foreign invaders, after which a messenger ran 26 miles to deliver the news before dying
What is Marathon?
Ancient Greek middle-class soldiers
What are hoplites?
The body of water to the west of mainland Greece
What is the Adriatic Sea?
This first Athenian tyrant enacted several important reforms to help ordinary people, but after he died, his son undid most of his accomplishments
Who is Pisistratus?
This city-state lay next to the isthmus connecting the Peloponnese to the rest of Greece
What is Corinth?
In the first years of the Peloponnesian War, despite Athens' success in defending against Sparta's siege and maintaining access to the sea, this disaster threatened to destroy the city
What is plague?
The name of the military formation made up of rows of highly disciplined Greek soldiers armed with large shields and long spears
What is a phalanx?
The region surrounding Athens
What is Attica?
Athens used funds from the Delian League treasury to build this temple for the goddess Athena
What is the Parthenon?
This Greek city-state was located on the island of Sicily, off of the south coast of Italy
What is Syracuse?
About thirty years after Sparta's victory in the Peloponnesian War, this city-state defeated Sparta and became the dominant power in Hellas
What is Thebes?